英语中考备考关键--重点词汇辨析(九)

英语中考备考关键-重点词汇辨析(九)61. who, what,whichwho 指姓名或关系，what 指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.who=the person that, what=the thing which一、后接名词时的区别当用作定语修饰其后接名词时，只用which和what，不能用who。which和what的区别是：前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合，后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如：Which color do you like, black or white? 黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种?Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球哪个大?What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?但是，若指人，即使选择的范围不明确，也可用which。如：Which What writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家?二、其后不接名词时的区别当其后不接名词时，三者均可用，which和what的用法区别依然是：前者用于选择范围较小或较明确的场合，后者用于选择范围较大或不明确的场合。如：Which is in the box, the red one or the black one? 哪一个在盒子里，是红色的那个还是黑色的那一个?What is in the box? 盒子里装的是什么东西?至于who，它一般只用来指人，不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用。如：Who won Tom or Mike? 谁赢了，是汤姆还是迈克?Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?注：当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时，who也可以用which或which one代之。如：Who Which / Which one do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁，父亲还是母亲?三、与else以及of短语搭配时的区别1. 正由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确，所以其后可以跟 else，但一般不跟表示特定范围的of短语。如：What else have you bought? 你还买了些什么?Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁?在你的老师之中，你最喜欢哪一位?正：Which of your teachers do you like best?误：Who What of your teachers do you like best?我们当中谁去洗衣服?正：Which of us is going to do the washing?误：Who of us is going to do the washing?这些词典当中哪一本是你的?正：Which of these dictionaries is yours?误：What of these dictionaries is yours?2. 而which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确，所以其后一般不接else，但却常与表特定范围的of短语连用：Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?Which of the boys is the strongest? 这些男孩当中，哪一个力气最大?你还要点别的什么吗?正：What else would you like?误：Which else would you like?四、口语中的用法区别比较以下三组对话，注意体会它们的区别：A：Who is he? 他是谁?B：He is Marys husband. 他是玛丽的丈夫。注：Who is he? 的意思是要了解他的一些情况。A：What is he? 他是干什么的?B：He is an English teacher. 他是英语教师。注：What is he? 的意思是询问他的职业。A：Which is he? 哪位是他?(意思是要在几个人中辨别要找的人。)B：The one by the window. 窗户边的那位。62. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?思路分析由what 引导的名词从句，相当于“the thing(s)+which”In some countries, _ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.A)which B)what C)that D)one在某些国家，被称为“平等”的东西，并不意味着真正对所有的人平等。 (B)By success I don't mean _ usually thought of when that word is used.A)what is B)that we C)as you D)all is我说的成功，并不是指我们使用该词时通常所想的东西。(A)what从句里常常出现we think, you consider之类的插入语：As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _.A)ought to be said B)must sayC)have to be said D)need to say作为教师，我们所关心的，应该是我们所说的话，而不是我们认为该说什么话。(A)解题过程应该注意区别that和which的用法1)不用that的情况a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b) 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e)先行词既有人，又有物时。63.other, anotherother 后接名词复数，another 后接名词单数 other students, another studentother 表示“其他的”或者“另一些”是形容词 后面加名词 如果是可数多用复数some children like apples, other children like bananas.another 另外的一个(有任意性)后面加可数名词单数，也可以不加名词直接使用。I have eaten an apple, but I still want another(apple)。64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常，not a bit 一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。not a bit= not at all-Do you mind if i smoke here?-Not a bit. Do, please.一点也不。请吧。not a little:ad. 不少(很多)Examples:1. I am so sorry to give you not a little trouble.真抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。2. She was not a little (ie very) worried about the expense.她对那笔开支相当苦恼。65. many, much, a lot ofmany 和可数名词连用，much 和不可数名词连用，a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句many books许多书;much water许多水;There was a lot of mud on the ground. 地上有许多泥。I picked lots of flowers. 我摘了许多花。(1)many用来修饰可数名词，多用于疑问句和否定句中，例如：Are there many students in his class?(他的班上有很多学生吗?)I have not many English books.(我没有很多英语书。)(2)much用来修饰不可数名词，也多用于疑问句和否定句中，例如：We dont have much work to do.(我们没有太多工作要做。)Is there much ink in the bottle?(瓶子里有很多墨水吗?)(3)a lot of是口语和书面语中最常见的用语，它既可以修饰可数名词(相当于many)，也可以修饰不可数名词(相当于much)，通常用在肯定句中，例如：There are a lot of books in the library 66. much more than, many more thanmuch more than 后接形容词或不可数名词，many more than 后接可数名词 many morepeople, much more water, much more beautifulmore than 后跟数字指超过，多于，more than用于多音节形容词副，加much修饰比较级，There are more than fifty students in our ckass.