2017年秋九年级英语（人教版）课件：unit 13 单元语法聚焦(十三)

单元语法聚焦(十三),动词的时态 一、一般现在时 1一般现在时动词第三人称单数的构成,2.一般现在时的句型结构,3.一般现在时的基本用法 (1)一般现在时表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示一般状态的时间状语often，sometimes，usually，always，every day，twice a month等连用。eg： My grandmother always takes a walk after supper. 我奶奶总是晚饭后散步。 (2)表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。eg： The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。,(3)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。eg： If it is fine tomorrow，we will have a picnic. 如果明天是晴天，我们就去野餐。 (4)用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。eg： Here comes the bus！公共汽车来了！ There goes the bell.铃响了。,二、现在进行时 1现在分词的变化规则,2.现在进行时的句型结构 (1)肯定句：主语am/is/aredoing其他 (2)否定句：主语are/is/am notdoing其他 (3)一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语doing其他？ (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词一般疑问句？,3现在进行时的一般用法 (1)一般情况下，现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，通常与表示现在进行时的时间状语now，at present，at the moment，these days等连用。当有listen，look等提示词时，后面的句子常用现在进行时。eg： Nancy is watching TV at the moment. 此时南希正在看电视。 Listen！She is singing in the next room. 听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。,(2)现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时不一定在进行这个动作)。eg： They are preparing for the sports meeting these days.这些天他们正在为运动会做准备。 (3)现在进行时态表示将来，只限于go，come，stay，leave，start，begin等位移动词。eg： My father is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我父亲明天要去北京。 I'm going to Shenzhen next Monday. 下周一我要去深圳。,三、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有yesterday，ago，last night(week，month)，just now，in 2000等。eg： It snowed heavily last night.昨天晚上雪下得很大。 It was very cold yesterday.昨天非常冷。,四、一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：tomorrow，next week (year，month)，in two days等。eg： Mr.Wu will teach us English this term.这学期吴老师将教我们英语。 I will go to my hometown next week.下周我要回老家。,【温馨提示】(1)“be going to动词原形”表示即将发生某事或者打算、计划要做某事。eg： I'm going to do my homework this evening.我打算今天晚上做作业。 (2)come，go，start，move，leave等动词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事。eg： They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.他们明天动身去北京。,五、过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常用时间状语有at this (that)time yesterday，at nine o'clock yesterday等。eg： They were working in class this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在上课。 I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.老师进来时，我正在画一匹马。,六、现在完成时 现在完成时表示过去发生的某个动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already，never，ever，just，yet等时间状语或these days，for two years，since 2000，since过去时态等连用。eg： He has taught at this school since 2010.他从2010年起一直在这所学校任教。,动词的语态 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 常考的动词的被动语态主要有： 1一般现在时的被动语态 由助动词be的现在式am/is/are及物动词的过去分词构成。eg： Computers are made in the USA.计算机是在美国被制造的。,2一般过去时的被动语态 由助动词was/were及物动词的过去分词构成。eg： This park was built in 1999.这个公园建造于1999年。 3一般将来时的被动语态 由will be动词的过去分词构成。eg： These homework will be finished in ten minutes.这些作业将在10分钟内完成。,4现在完成时的被动语态 由has/have been动词过去分词构成。eg： The child has been taken care of by her all these years.这些年来，这个孩子都由她照顾。 5含有情态动词的被动语态 其结构为：情态动词be及物动词的过去分词。eg： The young trees should be planted in spring.应该在春天植树。,二、使实被动语态时的注意事项 (1)只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词、系动词没有被动语态。eg： Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 (2)有些使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动语态时，不定式符号to必须补上。eg： I often hear her sing the song in her room. She is often heard to sing the song in her room.,(3)双宾语的被动语态。直接宾语和间接宾语都可以作被动语态的主语，但直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，在间接宾语前要加相应的介词。eg： I bought him a book.He was bought a book./A book was bought for him. He gave me a book.I was given a book./A book was given to me. (4)动词短语的被动语态。动词短语是一个整体，在变为被动语态时，不能把动词后面的介词或副词丢掉。eg： Mrs.Liu takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of by Mrs.Liu.,感叹句 感叹句是用来表示人的喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子，句末通常用感叹号，也可用句号。感叹句通常由what或how引出。 1what修饰名词，且名词前可有冠词或形容词修饰，what引导的感叹句结构有： (l)Whata/an形容词可数名词单数(主语谓语)！eg： What a cool day (it is)！多么凉爽的天啊！ What an interesting game (this is)！(这是)多么有趣的游戏啊！ (2)What形容词可数名词复数(主语谓语)！eg： What beautiful flowers (they are)！多么漂亮的花啊！,(3)What形容词不可数名词(主语谓语)！eg： What great fun chatting on the Internet is！上网聊天真是太有趣了！ 2how修饰形容词、副词或句子，how引导的感叹句结构有： (1)How形容词/副词(主语谓语)！eg： How happy they are！他们多么快乐啊！ How hard he works！他工作得多努力啊！ (2)How主语谓语(其他)！eg： How I wish to join the basketball club！我多么想加入篮球俱乐部啊！,一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1A serious car accident _(happen) in this street last Sunday. 2What will the weather be like this coming Saturday? I hope it _(be)a fine day for our picnic! I can't wait! 3Do you like junk food，Linda? That's my favorite.The more junk food I (have)，the happier I _(be) 4What did your mother say about this? She _(say) that she _(try) her best to help me with my English next term.,happened,will be,have,will be,said,would try,5Don't get off the bus until it _(stop)，Tom. I won't，Dad.Don't worry about me. 6Is your father a doctor? Yes，he is.He _(work) in the Children's Hospital. 7I called you yesterday evening，but there was no answer. Oh，I'm sorry.I _(have) dinner at my friend's at that time. 8Is this jacket yours，Linda? No，I think it _(belong) to Maria.,stops,works,was having,belongs,9Bill is a good student.He always _(finish) his homework on time. 10By the end of last term，they _(work) there for ten years. 11A talk on science _(give) in our school next Sunday. 12The letter