2012年北京师范大学英语考博真题及答案解析

育明考研考博培训中心官网：育明考研考博培训中心官网：www.yumingedu.comwww.yumingedu.com 北京师范北京师范大学大学 2012 年考博英语试题年考博英语试题 Part I: Listening Comprehension (略略) Part II: Reading Comprehension Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as exc(wechat:13370142852)ellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America's greatest refining center. Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city. 21. What is the passage mainly about? A. The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900's B. The development of the Southern California oil fields C. Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles D. Industry and city planning in Los Angeles 22. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 as resulting primarily from _. A. new economic conditions B. images of cities shown in movies C. new agricultural techniques 育明考研考博培训中心官网：育明考研考博培训中心官网：www.yumingedu.comwww.yumingedu.com D. a large migrant population 23. The word “meteoric” is closest in meaning to _. A rapid B famous C controversial D methodical 24. According to the passage, the most important factor in the development of agriculture around Los Angeles was the _. A. influx of “new residents to agricultural areas near the city B. construction of an aqueduct C. expansion of transportation facilities D. development of new connections to the city's natural harbor 25. The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles _. A. was not accurately portrayed by Hollywood images B. lacked good suburban areas in which to live C. had an excessively large population D. was not really a single city Passage 2 Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn't it? New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods, Critics, however, say that the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it is up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines “grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and