美国assignment写作-美国利率市场化

www.lxws.net meeloun论文网 专业留学assignment代写网站美国assignment写作-Us interest rate liberalization美国assignment写作-美国利率市场化导读：这是一篇美国范文，讨论了美国利率市场化。美国利率市场化的实质是银行业存款利率的自由化和市场化。在美国利率市场化的过程中，立法机构和金融监管机构起到了关键性的作用，它们一开始就制定出利率市场化完成的既定时间表，在反脱媒的产品创新过程中协助银行业起到全力支持作用，另外监管机构和美国财政部还为市场化后的利率合理定价奠定了市场化国债收益率曲线的重要基础和标杆体系。 The essence of American interest rate liberalization is the liberalization and marketization of bank deposit interest rate. Different from the current interest rate liberalization reform in China's financial industry, the lending rate of American Banks has been "unregulated" or liberalized. In fact, the American financial industry experienced several other landmark changes in the 1980s, such as the breakthrough in the cross-state operation of Banks and the breakthrough in the cross-industry operation structure of commercial Banks.In the late 1970s and 1980s, the interest rate liberalization of American banking industry was actually the liberalization of the deposit rate of American commercial Banks. To look at from the perspective of history, when the interest rate marketization process is due to the United States financial disintermediation and 70-80 - s of the 20th century after ultra high inflation, commercial banking counter disintermediation in the struggle for survival, intense wrangling with competitors and gain financial regulators to cooperate, and the result of basic abolishing rules "Q".In the process of interest rate liberalization in the United States, the legislative and financial regulators play a key role. First, they began by setting a timetable for the completion of interest rate liberalization. Secondly, they assist the banking industry in the process of anti-disintermediation product innovation. Thirdly, regulators and the us Treasury Department have laid an important foundation and benchmark system for the market-oriented yield curve of Treasury bonds for the reasonable pricing of interest rates after marketization. In addition to the environment of financial disintermediation and interest rate liberalization, the macro-economic environment of the United States also faced the challenge of high inflation and economic cycle. Under such a complex and severe environment, American Banks, especially the big Banks, conducted all-round model transformation. The successful Banks have different transformation modes, among which, due to the proper coordination of the transformation to the road and corporate culture, Morgan finally comprehensively surpassed the competitors such as citigroup and chase, and became the only bank in the history of American banking to obtain the AAA rating of standard & poor's. In the 1980s, due to their different conditions, American commercial Banks adopted different strategies to cope with the complex external operating environment, including the epoch-making reform of the financial system of the liberalization of deposit interest rate, and there were both successful and unsuccessful cases. Successful strategies emerged mainly among the best Banks of the time. In the 1980s, the famous American investment bank KBW established a so-called "outstanding bank index" for the American banking industry. Banks that were then included in the KBW index had certain traits that allowed them to ride out the ups and downs of the economic cycle more smoothly. KBM selected 200 out of all the Banks, and the first six of them were the best of the American banking industry for the next 30 years, the old jpmorgan, wachovia, Cleveland national bank, NBD, sun trust, PNC financial. These Banks adopted the following strategies to cope with the interest rate liberalization environment: paying attention to credit culture and asset quality; Maintaining a competitive cost structure; Centralize the advantage and win the fee income in the characteristic market of your specialty, such as trust business, securities processing, credit card and debit card processing; Firmly grasping new technology trends to compete with non-traditional deposit institutions; Pay close attention to the source of deposits and so on. But at the same time, a number of Banks have adopted some ineffective strategies, such as blindly expanding through acquisitions. The second is credit or expansion in unfamiliar sectors, such as energy sector credit or the acquisition of non-bank companies they are unfamiliar with at home and abroad. In addition to the overall performance of the above Banks, there are a number of different areas of the performance of the bank. At that time, it was recognized by the industry as a bank that successfully transformed in some aspects. In terms of portfolio transformation, JP Morgan was relatively successful in the transformation of its business strategic portfolio. Its strategic transformation focused on investment Banks serving large multinational corporations and their related commercial banking businesses. Northern trust focuses its portfolio on private, trust and c