德国汽车工业质量标准VDA Kapitel 4-00_en
Quality Assurance Prior to Serial Application Quality assurance during product realization Methods and Procedures Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V. (VDA) ISSN 0943-9412 Copyright 2003 by Verband der Automobilindustrie e.V. (VDA) Quality Management Center (QMC) D-61440 Oberursel, Karl-Hermann-Flach-Str. 2 Printed and published by: Druckerei Henrich GmbH D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Schwanheimer Straße 110 Printed on chlorine-free bleached paper Liability exclusion The VDA volumes are recommendations available for anyone to use. It is the responsibility of the person using the recommendations to ensure their correct use in each specific case. The VDA volumes take into account state of the art technology current at the time of issue. Application of VDA recommendations does not relieve anyone of the responsibility for his or her own actions. Each person acts at his or her own risk in this respect. Any liability on the part of the VDA or those involved in drawing up the VDA recommendations is hereby excluded. If the reader should discover any errors or sections subject to possible misinterpretation during the application of VDA recommendations, we request that this be reported to the VDA immediately, so that any possible deficien- cies can be corrected. Referenced standards Extracts from standards identified with the DIN number and issue date are reproduced with the permission of the DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (German Institute for Standardization). The version with the most recent issue date is definitive for the use of a standard, which can be obtained from the publishers, Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin. Copyright protection This publication, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use outside of the narrow boundaries of copyright law without the consent of the VDA-QMC is liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to copying, translation, microfilming and storing and processing in electronic systems. Preface In 1986, the 2nd edition of VDA Volume 4 described essential methods of quality assurance prior to serial application for the first time. Quality work in the automotive and supply industry has become more strictly decentralized as a result of the introduction of TQM (Total Quality Management), and has extended into all company areas. As a result, the responsibility for the quality of the product or service has been assigned to the department that has a direct influence on the quality of the product or service. Furthermore, additional methods have come into practice. With reference to, and based on, examples, these methods are described in detail in the 3rd edition. In addition, a separate volume on System FMEA was published at the same time. These methods are prerequisite for ensuring that suppliers and automobile manufacturers work together effectively; they regulate the criteria relevant to quality in the pre-series phase (see also Volume 2, Quality Assurance of Supplies). The phases and scopes of the methods are summarized in an outline. The QM methods used in the automotive industry during product realization - from concept phase through to utilization - undergo constant development according to progress in science and technology. In 2003, we find ourselves in a phase in which some methods have just been revised or newly developed. Additional methods or revisions should be expected in the coming years. In order to avoid an (expensive) new edition each time there is a modification, we have decided to issue the separate topics in a form that allows them to be inserted into a ring binder. The following chapters will be issued in the first edition of this ring binder: Elementary Aids Development Processes - in a revised version Quality Function Deployment (QFD) System FMEA Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Design of Experiments (DoE) Process Capability Analysis The following will be added to these (in no particular order) Method outline (in a revised version) Economical Process Design and Process Safety (as a replacement for the previous chapter called Process Capability Investigation). Statistical Tolerancing Project Management We would like to thank all the staff and companies in the author teams who have contributed to this group effort. Oberursel, April 2003 VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA) Contents Preface Unnumbered chapters Elementary Aids Development Processes System FMEA (Fault Probability and Influence Analysis) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Design of Experiments (DoE) Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Process Capability Investigation Method Application Economical Process Design Statistical Tolerancing Project Management