湖南省高考英语完形填空二解题指导[]推荐课件
湖南高考英语完型填空湖南高考英语完型填空()应试方法与技巧应试方法与技巧Cracking Cloze Test IIBy Jin Liufrom Zhenyan Middle School2021/8/221107270个零分给我们带来的思考个零分给我们带来的思考从从2010年湖南高考完形填空二分数数据发现：年湖南高考完形填空二分数数据发现：全省全省380809考生中，有考生中，有107270考生此题得零分。考生此题得零分。代词代词介词和形容词介词和形容词2021/8/222真题再现真题再现2010·湖南湖南 Parents are busy people. If they are working，they are usually not at home 48. their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49. afterschool note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table，the refrigerator, 50. another place where their children are sure to find it. A note is often a 51. way to “talk” with a child than using the telephone. For one thing，parents have time to think about 52. they want to say before they write. 53. another，the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again. People often forget all the details that 54. hear in a telephone call. Finally，cell phones can be turned 55. or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons，afterschool notes are very popular with parents.when/afteranorbetterwhatfortheyoff2021/8/223考点分布情况考点分布情况题号题号答案答案考点考点48when/after49an50or51better52what53for54they55off状语从句引导词状语从句引导词冠词冠词并列连词并列连词形容词（比较级）形容词（比较级）名词性从句引导词名词性从句引导词介词介词代词代词副词副词2021/8/224高考评分标准高考评分标准1)1)语意相同或相近且语法正确语意相同或相近且语法正确, ,酌情给分酌情给分; ; 例如例如: : 49. 49.填填a给给1 1分分; ;填填one记记0.50.5分分 51. 51.填填wiser, brighter, finer, simpler记记0.50.5分分; ;填填easier记记 1 1分分; ; 52. 52.填填all, everything, anything, something, ,记记1.51.5分分. .2)2)各小题均填一个单词各小题均填一个单词, ,否则不记分否则不记分. . 3)3)拼写错误不记分拼写错误不记分. .2021/8/225 英语语言知识的第三节为完型填空英语语言知识的第三节为完型填空(II)，本节侧重考查考生，本节侧重考查考生语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。分析此措辞，再比较完形填空第一节和第二节，可知：分析此措辞，再比较完形填空第一节和第二节，可知： 1. 从考查的内容来看，第一节侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中从考查的内容来看，第一节侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中运用运用,关键词是关键词是 “语义语义”；而第二节考查功能语法，即侧重于考词；而第二节考查功能语法，即侧重于考词汇在篇章中的交际功能汇在篇章中的交际功能, 关键词是关键词是 “衔接衔接, 连贯连贯”。 2. 从题型的形式看，第一节给定四个选项供考生选择，其中从题型的形式看，第一节给定四个选项供考生选择，其中有一个正确选项；而第二节只给出空缺，没有选项，要求考生根有一个正确选项；而第二节只给出空缺，没有选项，要求考生根据语境和自己已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，据语境和自己已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，这对考生的语言知这对考生的语言知识的提取和运用能力提出了更高的要求识的提取和运用能力提出了更高的要求。 3. 单词的拼写能力和词形变换能力单词的拼写能力和词形变换能力也是一个很重要的考查方向。也是一个很重要的考查方向。 题型解读题型解读2021/8/226 命题特点命题特点共共8个小题个小题 每题每题1.5分分 满分满分12分分 7分钟内完成分钟内完成短文长度短文长度150240词词设空平均间距设空平均间距17词左右词左右考查语境，侧重运用考查语境，侧重运用 虚词为主，实词为辅虚词为主，实词为辅 尽量避免名词和动词尽量避免名词和动词 答案不一定唯一答案不一定唯一2021/8/227 1. The ability of reading discourse 阅读阅读/理解语篇理解语篇的能力的能力 2. Analysis of sentence structure 分析句子结构分析句子结构的能力的能力 3. The ability to use grammar 熟练运用语法熟练运用语法的能力的能力 有篇章结构意识有篇章结构意识, ,在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构, ,找出句与句、找出句与句、段与段之间的内容联系段与段之间的内容联系, ,把握细微区别把握细微区别. .具体体现在：具体体现在：能力要求能力要求2021/8/228我们在做完形填空我们在做完形填空(二二)时时, 可以从可以从词性词性、词形词形两两方面入手。方面入手。名师指津名师指津 Whats the usual way you fulfill the task?思考：思考：面对新完形填空如此繁杂的语法点，我们到面对新完形填空如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎么入手呢？底该怎么入手呢？2021/8/229总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升实词实词虚词虚词一根据句子结构，确定一根据句子结构，确定一根据句子结构，确定一根据句子结构，确定词性词性词性词性名词名词形容词形容词副词副词代词代词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词词性词性e.g. (angry)(1) He looked _at the children. (2) He looked _at the news on the radio.angrilyangry2021/8/2210二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形词形冠冠 词词连连 词词代代 词词形容词形容词/ /副词副词连接副词连接副词常考知识点常考知识点123456总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升介介 词词2021/8/2211The college entrance examination is coming, my parents promise:1)If I get high marks in the exam, I shall have _ ipod as _ prize.2)2）They will give me _ big surprise.3) Of all the subjects, I like English best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of it.4) But my mood quickly changed when I saw _first question.the 缺冠词缺冠词 an a冠词考点：定冠词的基本用法，抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。冠词考点：定冠词的基本用法，抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。解题思路分析解题思路分析a技巧技巧 1a2021/8/2212 1). Lets start not to eat snake any more, because “to protect the snake is to protect_”. 2). _ is amazing that I won the first prize in the competition. 3). Get in the habit of remembering peoples names and using _ often. 4). I want to find a house with a beautiful garden, but I still havent found _ I like yet.It代词考点代词考点: 人称代词（主人称代词（主/宾）宾）,（形容词（形容词/ 名词性）物主代词，名词性）物主代词， 反反身代词，替代词身代词，替代词, it的用法等，可在句中充当主宾，同位语等的用法等，可在句中充当主宾，同位语等。ourselvesthemone 缺代词缺代词技巧技巧 22021/8/22131）_ a lot of work to do, he left school very early.2) In fact, choosing ecofashion can also contribute _ our personal health 3)This was around the time that I was getting to be larger _ size than my father 4) In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a diary in English.inofWith to介词考点：常用介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用；固定搭配。介词考点：常用介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用；固定搭配。 缺介词缺介词技巧技巧 32021/8/22141)When we got there, to our disappointment, we found the situation was much _ than expected. 2) I immediately felt _ of my violent(暴力的暴力的) behavior. 形容词副词考点：形容词作定语和表语；比较级和最高级。形容词副词考点：形容词作定语和表语；比较级和最高级。形容词修饰形容词修饰_；_修饰修饰adj./ v.或整个句子；或整个句子；ashamed名词名词副词副词worsecheapestthan 缺形容词或副词缺形容词或副词技巧技巧 43) Of the MP3 we bought, mine is the _. It only cost me 100 yuan.4) Animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _ they have in the past 65 million years. (2010年湖南高考英语样卷年湖南高考英语样卷)2021/8/22151) See _ your son has done. 2) Ill never forget the days _ I lived in the factory with the workers, _ is a great help to my article.whatwhen连词考点连词考点1：最常用的引导词有：最常用的引导词有： wh 连接词及其他各大从句引导词连接词及其他各大从句引导词(从属连词从属连词) whichwhere 缺连词缺连词技巧技巧 53) After the war, a new school building was set up _ there has once been a theatre.4) _ this is included in good education, the children will surely have a bright future. If2021/8/2216 1) I was_upset that I violently ripped (撕破撕破) it from my chest! 2) It was only then _ he realized his own mistake. 3) A nest is to a bird _ a house to a man . 4) I was on the point of leaving _ it rained. 5) _ Hemingway puts it, “Life breaks us all, but afterwards, many of us are strongest at the broken places. ”sothat whenwhat连词考点连词考点2：牢记牢记特殊句式特殊句式, 把握语境特征，把握语境特征，利用关键词提示解题。利用关键词提示解题。As As far as /As long asAs is known to all/As is (often) the caseAs everyone can see 缺连词缺连词技巧技巧 52021/8/2217 1) He has an high IQ, _, he failed in school 2) Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive. human populations are growing so fast. (2010年湖南高考英语样卷年湖南高考英语样卷)howeverbecause /as/since连词考点连词考点3：要仔细把握句子要仔细把握句子逻辑关系逻辑关系，利用暗含信息，利用暗含信息 ,作出判作出判断解题；此外还要注意连接词组在语境中的呼应对称特征。断解题；此外还要注意连接词组在语境中的呼应对称特征。 3) In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in cases, environmental changes caused extinction. (2010年湖南高考英语样卷年湖南高考英语样卷) other Some othersNot only but alsoNeither nor , either or 缺连接词缺连接词技巧技巧 62021/8/2218Itmostbutonlywhyforano2010年湖南省高考适应性测试年湖南省高考适应性测试 模拟试题模拟试题 When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. 1. is still true that a dog is the 2. useful and faithful animal in the world, 3. the reason why people keep a dog has changed. In the old days people used to train dogs to protect themselves against animal attacks. And later they came to realize that a dog was not 4. useful for protection but willing to obey his master. But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals. 5. do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is 6. companionship. A dog is his best friend for 7._ child when he has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have 8._children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up.2021/8/2219根据语义根据语义, 确定确定词形词形分析句子分析句子,确定确定词性词性解题四步走通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意检查搭配检查搭配, 前后连贯前后连贯心得与体会心得与体会心得体会心得体会: 十一模块中的十一模块中的文章可以充分利用文章可以充分利用Module 11 Page 222021/8/2220I was very excited but also a little nervous on my first dayat work. I had to report to the Hunan Resources Department first thing in the morning so that they could introduce me to my colleagues. Everyone was very nice and welcomed me to the company, and my boss took me to the canteen for lunch. I even met the General Manager. I really enjoyed my first day, but I did not do much work! The second day was very different. Even though I was a management trainee, I still had a lot of responsibility, and there was so much to learn. The work was quite interesting, but there was a lot of it. In fact, there was so much work that I had to work overtime to complete it. I felt like I was facing mountains of paperwork. 回归教材回归教材自主合作探究自主合作探究, 改编完形改编完形(二二)2021/8/2221AssignmentDo more exercises after class2021/8/2222根据语义根据语义, 确定确定词形词形分析句子分析句子,确定确定词性词性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个要填的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意检查搭配检查搭配, 前后连贯前后连贯Summary2021/8/2223P 22I was very excited _ also a little nervous on my first dayat work. I had to report to the Hunan Resources Department first thing in the morning _ that they could introduce me to my colleagues. Everyone was very _ and welcomed me to the company, and my boss took me to the canteen for lunch. I _ met the General Manager. I really enjoyed my first day, but I did not do much work! The second day was very different. Even though I was a management trainee, I still had a lot of responsibility, and there was so much to learn. The work was quite interesting, but there was a lot of _. In fact, there was so much work that _ had to work overtime to complete it. I felt like I was facing mountains of paperwork. 回归教材回归教材2021/8/2224根据语义根据语义, 确定确定词形词形分析句子分析句子,确定确定词性词性解题四步走提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个要填的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意检查搭配检查搭配, 前后连贯前后连贯我们在做完形填空我们在做完形填空(二二)时时, 可以从可以从词性词性、词形词形两方面入手。两方面入手。(五五) 解题技巧点拨解题技巧点拨2021/8/2225Lets have a try: Thirty two people watched Kitty Genovese killed right below their windows. She was 1. neighbor. Yet 2. of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 3. why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 4. he can help. First he has to notice that it is 5. emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 6. a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 7._ important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, 8. the person wont get the help he needs. theirnonereasonbefore anfrommoreor2021/8/2226 根据句子结构和功能来判断是用根据句子结构和功能来判断是用形容词形容词，还是，还是副词副词；用；用动词动词还是还是名词名词等。如修饰名词，前面就要用等。如修饰名词，前面就要用_；修饰动；修饰动词或整个句子就要用词或整个句子就要用_；作谓语通常用动词；作主语或宾语通；作谓语通常用动词；作主语或宾语通常用名词或代词；连系动词后面用常用名词或代词；连系动词后面用_而不能用副词。而不能用副词。形容词或名词形容词或名词副词副词形容词形容词e.g. (angry)(1) He looked _at the children. (2) He looked _at the news on the radio.angrilyangry技巧一：词性技巧一：词性2021/8/2227 英语和汉语最大的不同在于英语有词形变化。词形变化主英语和汉语最大的不同在于英语有词形变化。词形变化主要涉及动词、代词、形容词、副词和名词。当确定所填的词是名要涉及动词、代词、形容词、副词和名词。当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是词时，就要考虑是_。 形容词有形容词有_。如果是动词就要更加小心。如果是动词就要更加小心。首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，主动还是被动，是现在首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，主动还是被动，是现在分词还是过去分词，还是不定式。代词则要考虑是分词还是过去分词，还是不定式。代词则要考虑是_还是还是_。宾格宾格可数还是不可数名词，是单数还是复数名词可数还是不可数名词，是单数还是复数名词原级原级、比较级和最高级比较级和最高级主格主格e.g. 1. China is _ than Japan in size.2. One of the_ gift choices I ever made was for my highschool English teacher, which made him very unhappy.3. The little boy pulled _ right hand out of the pocketbiggerworsthis技巧二：词形技巧二：词形2021/8/22281. Later , I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right _ was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?2. Many old people dont have good_. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music.3. Many Africans are very _, so they cant afford to buy much meat.handeyesightpoorThe ability of reading discourse2021/8/2229 1.It was only then _ he realized his own mistake.2.2. He went to work early in the morning, _ his son at home alone. thatleaving Analysis of sentence structure2021/8/2230 1. _ amazed us most was that the little girl could play the piano so well. 2. In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a dairy in Englisha dairy in English 3. There once was a goat and a donkey. So the 3. There once was a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.medicine made from its heart. What theofThe ability to use grammar2021/8/22311. 1) But my mood quickly changed when I saw _first question. 2) As he got full marks in this exam, his father bought him _ MP4 as _ prize. 3) Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also _ comparatively cheap one. 4) Of all the subjects, I like history the best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past.the 缺冠词缺冠词 an a冠词考点：定冠词的基本用法，抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。冠词考点：定冠词的基本用法，抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。解题思路分析解题思路分析aa提示提示: 2021/8/2232备考建议备考建议.掌握单词、词组掌握单词、词组.懂得分析句子结构懂得分析句子结构.多听、多说、多读、多写，增强语感多听、多说、多读、多写，增强语感2021/8/2233如果空格前后都是完整句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选如果空格前后都是完整句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连接词（词组）。择适当的副词或连接词（词组）。because, for，since，asso, therefore, hence, thusbesides，furthermore，moreoverbut, however, yet, while， instead表示原因：表示原因：表示结果：表示结果：表示并列：表示并列：补充递进：补充递进：表示转折：表示转折：表示让步：表示让步：and, oralthough, though, neverthelessdespite (prep.) Linking words( (连接词）连接词）2021/8/2234总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升实词实词虚词虚词一根据句子结构，确定一根据句子结构，确定一根据句子结构，确定一根据句子结构，确定词性词性词性词性名词名词形容词形容词副词副词代词代词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词词性词性主主主主 谓谓谓谓n./pron.n./pron.vt.vt.宾宾宾宾n./pron.n./pron.vi.vi.宾宾宾宾 + prep.+ prep.art.art.adv.adv.adj.adj.adj.adj._,_,_,_,advadv. ., _ , _ , _ , _ 主主主主 谓谓谓谓 conj/关系词关系词, X , X , X , X _非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词to do;doingto do;doing引导词从句引导词从句引导词从句引导词从句非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词to do; doingto do; doing引导词从句引导词从句引导词从句引导词从句2021/8/2235 Leadin完形填空（二二）真题体验命题特征命题特征命题特征命题特征命题特征2021/8/2236总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升二根据上下文意义及语法，确定二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形词形限定词限定词限定词限定词定冠词定冠词, ,不定冠词不定冠词, , 物主代词的用法物主代词的用法并列句及复合句并列句及复合句连连连连 词词词词介介介介 词词词词介词的常用用法及词组搭配介词的常用用法及词组搭配连接副词连接副词连接副词连接副词注意句子之间逻辑关系注意句子之间逻辑关系比较等级比较等级利用暗隐信息确定比较等级利用暗隐信息确定比较等级解题思路分析解题思路分析2021/8/22371. Why do we make many mistakes in the examination and get low marks while doing this part?1).1).没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤多数同学考试时担心时间紧多数同学考试时担心时间紧, ,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的况下匆忙答题索的况下匆忙答题. . 2).2).不注意积累答题技巧不注意积累答题技巧a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系; ;b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构遇到长句不注意分析句子结构, ,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择作出选择. .Thinking2. What steps to take to deal with this part?2021/8/2238 命题特点命题特点1.1.共共8 8个小题个小题, ,每题每题1.51.5分分, ,满分满分1212分分,7,7分钟内完成；选分钟内完成；选材为材为150-240150-240词左右的小短文，常为记叙文、说明词左右的小短文，常为记叙文、说明文或议论文文或议论文, ,平均设空间隔为平均设空间隔为1717个词左右个词左右2.2.考查语境，侧重运用考查语境，侧重运用3.3.虚词为主，实词为辅虚词为主，实词为辅4.4.意义为主，形式为辅意义为主，形式为辅5.5.答案不一定唯一答案不一定唯一2021/8/2239二二 语法填空命题特点是什么语法填空命题特点是什么 ?共共8个小题个小题每题每题1.5分分满分满分12分分须在须在7分钟内完成分钟内完成短文长度短文长度160240设空间距设空间距15词左右词左右侧重语境加语法侧重语境加语法语法占关键语法占关键每格每格1个词个词2021/8/2240 1. The ability of reading discourse 阅读阅读/理解语篇的能力理解语篇的能力 2. Analysis of sentence structure 分析句子结构的能力分析句子结构的能力 3. The ability to use grammar 熟练运用语法的能力熟练运用语法的能力 有篇章结构意识有篇章结构意识, ,在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构, ,找出句与句、找出句与句、段与段之间的内容联系段与段之间的内容联系, ,把握细微区别把握细微区别. .具体体现在：具体体现在：能力要求能力要求2021/8/2241e.g.Parents are busy people. If they are working，they areusually not at home 48. their childrenreturn from school. Sometimes it is necessary for aparent to write an afterschool note for their children. The ability of reading discoursewhen/after2010·湖南高考试题湖南高考试题 2021/8/2242e.g. For one thing，parents have time to think about 52._they want to say before they write. for 53.another，the note lists all the information in one54.place. Analysis of sentence structurewhat2010·湖南高考试题湖南高考试题 2021/8/2243e.g.1) Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49. afterschool note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table2) For one thing，parents have time to think about what they want to say before they write. 53. another，the note lists all the information in one place. The ability to use grammaranfor2010·湖南高考试题湖南高考试题 2021/8/2244根据语义根据语义, 确定确定词形词形分析句子分析句子,确定确定词性词性通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意检查搭配检查搭配, 前后连贯前后连贯心得和体会心得和体会心得体会心得体会: 十一模块中的文章可以充分利用十一模块中的文章可以充分利用2021/8/2245 Snake dishes have become popular in recent years. Snake meat in various flavors is often seen in restaurant ads. Eating snakes seem to be now in vogue(盛行盛行), and if you havent eaten snake yet, you are considered “out of date”. But I wonder 1. all the trends are worth following. Some people may defend themselves 2. saying that snake meat is nutritious(有营养的有营养的). But these people dont realize that many parasites (寄生虫寄生虫), 3. do harm to our health, are found inside snakes. According 4. a survey, about 1000 tons of snake are eaten every year in China and sometimes as much 5. 10 tons of snakes are served on dinner tables in Shenzhen in a single day. These figures warn us that if no action is taken, the number of snakes will drop and make 6. increase in mice and worms population, which will result 7._ a decrease of crop output. Who will see such tragedy happen? So lets start not to eat snake any more, because “to protect the snake is to protect 8. . if/whetherbywhichtoasaninourselves2010 长郡中学月考长郡中学月考 模拟试题模拟试题 2021/8/2246
