国际支付与结算

Outline Of Chapter 1:,1、The Concept of International Trade2、Trade Terms3、Basic Methods of International Payments and Settlements,1,Continued,The buyer arranges payment through bank,Buyer,Bank,Sellers Bank,Seller,The buyer arrange payment of foreign exchange through banking system to seller,2,- who bears the risk of loss or damage to goods?,Crash !,Who should go to insurance company to claim for the damage?,Seller,or,Buyer,Insurance company,So, we need a point of place for risk transfer.,It may be:,Sellers premises,Port of loading,The rail of ship at port of loading,On deck of ship at port of discharge,At the front of two countries,etc.,This point is the boundary of duty. If goods are damaged on sellers side, seller is responsible for claiming loss at insurance company. If it is on buyers side, it is buyers duty to do so.,Where is the place at which seller hands goods over to buyer?,Sellers premises,Port of loading,the ship of port of loading,the ship of port of discharge,etc.,How is the transportation cost shared between seller and buyer?,On deck of ship at port of loading,Buyers premises,Seller pays for loading truck, carriage fee to port of loading, export clearance, harbor charges and loading goods onto ship.,Seller pays for all the charges incurred in the delivery, including carriage fees within exporting country, harbor and customs clearance charges of both importing and exporting country, loading and unloading charges, insurance premium and carriage fees within buyers country, etc.,to the front of two countries,On deck of ship at port of discharge,Sellers delivery cost includes carrying goods to the front of the country, customs clearance in exporting country and insurance within exporting country,etc.,Sellers delivery cost includes transporting goods to importing country (excluding unloading cost), insurance concerned and customs clearance in exporting country,etc.,Those not mentioned should be borne by buyer.,Lets summarize.,The INCOTERMS makes stipulations on the followings:,1. The point of place at which charges transferfrom seller to buyer.,2. The point of place at which risk transfer from seller to buyer.,3. The point of place at which seller deliver goods to buyer and buyer organizes transportation for next part of journey.,They are concerning with delivery of goods from seller to buyer. INCOTERMS tells us about them.,INCOTERMS,Three letters abbreviation simplifies negotiation process,same understanding of the contents,Incoterms published by ICC is most authoritative, the standard explanation,Gives legal effect to Incoterms by Incorporating them in sales agreement,Should refer to the full effect of Incoterms 1990 or 2000, ICC Publication,FCA requires seller to take responsibility for all risks and costs until the goods are delivered to the named place and collected by the carrier nominated by the buyer.,From these perspectives, the C Terms are much more beneficial for seller than for buyer, as seller select the carrier and control the costs and timing of the main carriage without undertaking any risks, while the buyer takes all risks for a period of main carriage during which buyer has no means of controlling or limiting those risks.,3,Flow chart of international bank transfer,Buyer,Remitting Bank,Seller,Paying Bank,PO=Payment Order with the nameand add. of beneficiary,BT= Bank Transfer advising how money is transferred from remitting bank to paying bank,With signature or test key,Documentary Collection - Flowchart,Seller/principal,Carrier,Remitting Bank,Collecting Bank,Buyer/ drawee,D/A (documents against acceptance),Seller/principal,Remitting bank,Collecting bank,Buyer/payer,Collecting bank keeps accepted draft and at maturity, presents it for payment.,D/P at sight,Seller / principal,Remitting bank,Collecting bank,Buyer/payer,Only one presentment for payment.,D/P at tenor/after sight,Seller / principal,Remitting bank,Collecting bank,Buyer / payer,5After payment at maturity, buyer gets documents.,The basic documentary credit operation,Issuing Bank,Advising Bank,LC is bankers conditional undertaking of payment.,The precondition of LCs payment is that the documents presented by seller must comply with terms and conditions in LC.,Continued,Carrier,Advising bank acting As nominated bank,Issuing Bank,Flow chart of direct letter of guarantee （1）,Applicant / principal,Guarantee bank,Advising bank,beneficiary,Advising bank is agent of guarantee bank , and in charge of checking the authenticity of bank guarantee and the documents attached.,Guarantee bank,Advising bank,Beneficiary,Flow chart of direct letter of guarantee (2),Payment is made against documents without any investigation of default.,If applicant default ,beneficiary is allowed to ask for payments.,If documents comply with the requirementsin LG guarantee bank must pay.,End of lecture,Thank you for attending,