21.文学文体的翻译
第二十一章 文学文体的翻译 Translation of English Literary Writings,第二十一章重点,21. 1 诗歌翻译,诗歌欣赏1:今天与明天 诗歌欣赏2:没有快船比书卷 诗歌欣赏3:能否把你比作夏日璀璨 诗歌欣赏4:墓志铭 诗歌欣赏5:红玫瑰 诗歌欣赏6:乡村墓园挽歌,21. 2 散文翻译,21. 4 戏剧翻译,21. 3 小说翻译,诗歌翻译练习 1 诗歌翻译练习 2,第二十一章综合练习及参考译文,散文翻译练习 1 散文翻译练习 2,小说翻译练习 1 小说翻译练习 2,散文欣赏1,散文欣赏3,小说欣赏1,小说欣赏 2,小说欣赏3,戏剧欣赏,第二十一章 文学文体的翻译,散文欣赏 2,小说欣赏4,3,第二十一章 文学文体的翻译 Translation of English Literary Writings,文学是语言的艺术,文学作品是用语言创造的艺术品。它用语言写景,渲染气氛; 写人,塑造形象;写心,分析心理; 写情,呼唤人性;写物,树立象征; 写事,制造悬念。,4,文学翻译是一种在原作严格限制下的再创作,是一种创造性的劳动。文学翻译不仅译原作的词句,而且要译出原作的思想、情感与精神;不仅要再现原作中的人物形象、故事情节,而且要再现原作的艺术意境,使译文读者像读原作一样得到启发与感受。翻译者要忠实、正确、流畅、优雅地将文学作品翻译成功,精确传达原作者的思想情感。,5,文学体裁一般共分为:诗歌散文戏剧小说,6,诗歌是文学的极品。它通过有节奏和韵律的语言来反映生活、抒发情感,属于韵文的范畴。英语诗歌有史诗、英雄双行诗、无韵诗、抒情诗、浪漫叙事诗、十四行诗等。,21. 1 诗歌翻译(Translation of Poetry),7,汉语诗歌有古诗、律诗、绝句三大类,在这三类中都附有乐府一类。古诗、律诗、绝句又可分为五言、七言。从格律上看,诗可分为古体诗和近体诗。古体诗又称古诗或古风;近体诗又称今体诗。从字数上看,有四言诗、五言诗、七言诗。唐代以后,四言诗很少见了,所以一般诗歌只分为五言、七言两类。,8,只要是诗歌,不管是英语诗还是汉语诗,在形式上大都追求平行对仗押韵,风格上追求创新立异,富有诗意;美感上追求意境美和音韵美,抑扬顿挫富有音韵节奏感、带有音乐美。,9,汉英语言结构完全不同,而诗的语言更为复杂,加之汉英文诗都有自己的一套格律,所以在翻译时很难用中文既表达出英文诗的内容,又表达出英文诗的格律形式。,10,译诗,译文首先要表达英文诗的内容,然后根据内容给以最合适的诗的形式。而这个诗的形式既然是用中文表现的,还是以符合中国诗的特点较为合适。,11, 凡是诗,都有诗意。 情文并茂,凝练精美,感人肺腑。 要翻译好英语诗歌,要抓住关键词语,再现于汉语译文中便是好的译诗。 译诗不宜仿古,按汉语古体诗套译英诗,那就不对了。,12,诗歌翻译:在形式上追求对原作的忠实并精确地反映原诗的风格与风貌;在价值上尽量保留原始的意境美和音韵美,抑扬顿挫富有音韵节奏感、带有音乐美;巧借原诗的形式或思想进行翻译再创作,对原诗增加一些适当的解释,放弃表层对应,求得深层对应,力求语言精练明晰,富有诗意。,13,Today and Tomorrow (Charles Mackay) If Fortune, with a smiling face,Strew roses on our way, When shall we stop to pick them up?Today, my friend, today. But should she frown with face of care,And talk of coming sorrow, When shall we grieve, if grieve we must?Tomorrow, friend, tomorrow.,诗歌欣赏1:,14,今天与明天 如果命运女神笑容满面, 将玫瑰花洒满凡尘人间, 我们该在何时躬腰捡起? 今天,朋友啊,在今天。当她心事沉重愁眉苦脸, 讲述那将至的郁闷哀怨, 假如难避免,何时忧伤? 明天,朋友啊,在明天。,【译文】,15,There Is No Frigate Like a Book(Emily Dickinson) There is no frigate like a book To take us lands away, Nor any courser like page Of prancing poetry:This traverse may the poorest take Without oppress of too toll; How frugal is the chariot That bears the human soul!,诗歌欣赏2:,16,没有快船比书卷 没有快船能比书卷 引我们游异邦他乡, 没有骏马快如诗篇 展翅飞遍大地人间:至穷之人亦可游览 何愁支付路费盘缠; 载人类灵魂的战车 何等的便宜和节俭!,【译文】,17,Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day (William Shakespeare) Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade When in eternal lines to time thou growst. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.,诗歌欣赏 3,18,能否把你比作夏日璀璨(威廉·莎士比亚)能否把你比作夏日璀璨?你却比炎夏更可爱温存;狂风摧残五月花蕊娇妍,夏天匆匆离去毫不停顿。苍天明眸有时过于灼热,金色脸容往往蒙上阴翳;一切优美形象不免褪色,偶然摧折或自然地老去。而你如仲夏繁茂不凋谢,秀雅风姿将永远翩翩;死神无法逼你气息奄奄,你将永生于不朽诗篇。只要人能呼吸眼不盲,这诗和你将千秋流芳。(孙 梁译),【译文】,19,The Epitaph (Thomas Gray) Here rests his head upon the lap of Earth A Youth, to Fortune and to Fame unknown; Fair Science frownd not on his humble birth, And Melancholy markd him for her own. Large as his bounty, and his soul sincere, Heaven did a recompense as largely send: He gave to Misery all he had, a tear, He gained from Heaven (twas all he wished) a friend. No farther seek his merits to disclose, Or draw his frailties from their dread abode (There they alike in trembling hope repose), The bosom of his Father and his God.,诗歌欣赏4,20,墓志铭 (托马斯· 格雷) 此地有青年,头枕大地眠。 默默无名声,坎坷又贫贱。 家境虽寒微,才华却超凡。 忧伤度青春,碌碌送华年。 施人既慷慨,待人又忠诚。 上天知怜才,深切寄同情。 在世不得志,眼中泪常盈。 天国有知己,神明知我心。 一生随逝水,功名无可扬。 不需寻暇疵,身在土中藏 最后审判日,功过自昭彰。 身归天父怀,灵魂入天堂。(丰华瞻译),【译文】,21,A Red, Red Rose (Robert Burns) O, my Luves like a red, red rose, Thats newly sprung in June; O, my Luves like the melodie Thats sweetly playd in tune. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I, And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a the seas gang dry. Till a the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun! And I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o life shall run. And fare thee weel, my only Luve, And fare thee weel, a while! And I will come again, my Luve, Tho it were ten thousand mile!,诗歌欣赏 5,22,吾爱吾爱玫瑰红, 六月初开韵晓风; 吾爱吾爱如管弦, 其声修扬而玲珑。吾爱吾爱美而殊, 我心爱你永不渝, 我心爱你永不渝, 直到四海海水枯;,直到四海海水枯, 岩石融化变成泥, 只要我还有口气, 我心爱你永不渝。暂时告别我心肝, 请你不要把心耽! 纵使相隔十万里, 踏穿地皮也要还。(郭沫若译),【译文】,红玫瑰,23,The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly oer the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. (Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard),诗歌欣赏6,【译文一】 暮钟鸣,昼已暝,牛羊相呼,纡回草径,农人荷锄归,蹒跚而行,把全盘的世界剩我与黄昏。(郭沫若译),24,【译文二】 晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧,牛群在草原上迂回,吼叫起落,耕地的人累了,回家走,脚步踉跄,把整个世界留给了黄昏与我。(卞之琳译),【译文三】 晚钟响起为即将逝去的白昼报丧,羊群缓缓蜿蜒走过草地,咩咩叫唤,疲惫的耕地人上路回家,步履蹒跚,他们把世界留给了我,留给了黑暗。(何功杰译),25,【译文四】 晚钟殷殷响,夕阳已西沉。牛群呼叫归,迂回走草径。农夫荷锄犁,倦倦回家门。唯我立旷野,独自对黄昏。(丰华瞻译) 【译文五】 晚钟响起夕阳坠,牛群哞哞绕径回;农夫荷锄蹒跚归,留我夜幕一片黑。(王振国译),