初中英语动词时态讲解

初中英语动词时态讲解,Fun With English!,动词的构成,be 动词 助动词 情态动词 系动词 实义动词,be 动词,be动词的几种形式 am is are was were being Been,be动词的用法,与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用 I am a doctor. He is ten. They are tired. The cat is under the table.,be动词的用法,There be 句型 用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前There is a pen on the desk.There is some water in the glass. 用于复数名词之前There are some sheep in the hill. 用于一般将来时There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday. 用于一般过去时There was a book on the desk yesterday. 注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。,be动词的用法,Be 动词在时态中的运用 在现在进行时中We are talking. 在过去进行时中We were talking at this time yesterday.,助动词,助动词的几种形式 do /dont Does/ doesnt Did/ didnt will /wont have havent /has hasnt/had hadnt,助动词的用法,对句子进行否定和疑问 Do you get up early every day? I didnt have lunch yesterday. Will you be back soon? He hasnt finished the work yet. 在反意疑问句中 He works in a school, doesnt he? She has never been there,has she? 在倒装句中 They helped the farmers , so did we. I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.,情态动词,共同特点 情态动词后面跟动词原型 无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词 只有时态变化，没有人称变化,情态动词,解释 can / could 在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换， could比can语气更委婉。 Can I help you? Could you open the window? 在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。 I can swim. I could swim at the age of five.,情态动词,解释 Must /have toMust 表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustnt，否定回答用needntI must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt./No, you dont have to.have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.,情态动词,解释 May 表示请求别人允许。 May I use your bike? 表示可能性。 He may be a teacher. Maybe he is a teacher. He may live in this building.,系动词,我们所学过的系动词是 Get，turn，become，be动词 感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel 系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构 I feel hungry. The day gets longer and longer. He looked happy.,实义动词,实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。 实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。 做谓语动词的用法动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词,实义动词,注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律 He works in the office. We are dancing together. I caught a cold last week. She has watered the flower.,实义动词,做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）动词会有三种形式： 原型(do) 动名词(doing) 不定式(to do),实义动词,用原型： let sb.do make sb.do help sb.(to)do had better do,实义动词,用动名词： like doing enjoy doing finish doing 介词之后用动名词 be good at doing What/how about doing thank you/thanks for doing,实义动词,用不定式： want to do decide to do plan to do would like to do learn to do tell sb.( not)to do ask sb.(not) to do,实义动词,注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:remember doing/to doforget doing/to dostop doing/to dogo on doing/to do,时态,一般现在时 一般将来时 一般过去时 现在进行时 现在完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时,一般现在时,表示一般情况和经常发生的动作。 时间状语为 every day 或 every 引导的时间状语 often，always，usually,一般现在时,动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加 “s” work -> works 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carries 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash -> washes go -> goes do -> does have -> has,一般现在时,例句 He goes to school on foot every day. We often have supper at home. She doesnt do her work every Sunday.,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes every day. Sometimes he _ (play) basketball over there. How often _ Sally _(sing)?,wash,plays,现在进行时,表示正在发生的动作。 时间状语：now /Look /Listen 由be动词动词ing构成 动词变化加ing clean -> cleaning 以不发音“e”结尾的，去掉字母“e”，再加ing make -> making 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ing swim -> swimming,现在进行时,例句 The boys are playing now. Look! They are planting trees. Listen! He is singing.,一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作。 时间状语： next 引导的词组 tomorrow 引导的词组 the day after tomorrow 动词变化：will + 动词原型 例句 I will visit you tomorrow. He wont come back next week.,一般过去时,指过去发生的动作或事情 时间状语： yesterday 引导的词组 ago 引导的词组 last 引导的词组 the day before yesterday,一般过去时,动词变化：动词变成过去式，动词加“ed” Play -> played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed stop -> stopped 不规则动词见书后动词表,一般过去时,例句 He bought a book yesterday. I watched a match last week. He left here two days ago.,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes yesterday. The day before yesterday he _ (play) basketball over there. _ Sally _(sing) two hours ago?,washed,played,现在完成时,动词变化 动词变成过去分词加ed Play -> played 辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry -> carried 重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed stop -> stopped 不规则动词见书后动词表 动词由have（has）+ 过去分词 构成,现在完成时,表示动作已经完成 He has left . I have already had a rest. 表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用） He has been away for two days. I have already taught in this school since 1990. The bird has been dead for a month. We have made lots of friends since we came here.,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes for an hour. He _ (play) basketball since three years ago. How long _ Sally _(sing) yet?,have washed,has played,过去进行时,指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。 时间状语 at this time yesterday at five oclock yesterday afternoon 动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成 例句 He was watching TV at this time yesterday.,过去将来时,指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。 动词由would+动词原型构成。 例句 He would go to the park the next day. He said he would work hard next term.,过去完成时,指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。 动词由had+过去分词构成。 例句 she had borrowed a book before she went to the park. We had learned many new words by the end of last term.,