2014年中考英语(人教版)总复习:第二部分语法专题四介词、连词ppt课件
,专题四 介词、连词,考点一 介 词 (一)时间介词,(二)地点介词 1表地点时,in表示在“范围较大的地方”,强调“空间”;at表示在“范围较小的地方”,强调“点”。 I live in China. 我居住在中国。 We often wait for the bus at the bus stop. 我们通常在公共汽车站等车。,2表位置时,in表示“在内”,on表示“在上”(接触表面),on还可以表示“在两边”“在左/右边”。 They are putting up a picture on the wall. 他们正在往墙上张贴画。 The girl on the right is a famous actress. 右边的女孩是一个著名的演员。,3over表示在与某物不接触的“正上方”,under与其相对,表示“正下方”。 The sky is over our heads. 天空在我们头顶上。 The cat is under the table. 那只猫在桌子底下。,4above表示“在的上方”,“高于”;below与其相对,表示“在的下面”,“低于”。 The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime,but at night it will fall below zero again.白天气温将保持在零度以上,但在晚上又将降到零度以下。,5“across表面”表示“横过”;“through空间”表示“穿过”“贯穿”;over表示从上面“越过”。 The Changjiang River is too wide for so young a boy to swim across.长江太宽了,这么小的孩子游不过去。 The plane flew over the high mountains. 飞机飞越了群山。 The sunshine got into the room through the glass. 阳光透过玻璃进入房间。,6behind表示“在的后面”,其反义词组“in front of”表示“在的前面”,注意与in the front of 的区别。 We must keep our hands behind our backs. 我们必须一直把手放在背后。 I was walking down the street when a friend of mine stood in front of me. 当一个朋友站在我面前时,我正沿着街道散步。,7at/in the front of 表示“在里面的前部”,at the back of表示“在里面的后部”,in the middle of 表示“在的中部”。 Xiao Ming sits at/in the front of the classroom. 小明坐在教室前面。,The twin sisters sit at the back of the classroom. 那对双胞胎姐妹坐在教室后面。 The teacher is standing in the middle of the classroom. 老师在教室中间站着。,8between表示“在两者之间”,包括两个以上的人或物中任何两者之间;among表示“三者或三者以上的人或物中间”。 When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon,the stars and the space between them.我们谈论宇宙时,指的是地球、太阳、月球和星星以及它们之间的空间。,Some supermarkets open between 8:30 am. and 8:00 pm 一些超市在早上8:30到下午8:00之间营业。 Do the students know the differences among the four words?学生们知道这四个单词之间的区别吗?,9在与方位名词east,west,south,north连用时,in表示“在内部”,to表示“在外部”,on强调“接壤”。 Hunan lies on the south of Hubei. 湖南在湖北的南面。,Taiwan lies in the southeast of China. 台湾在中国的东南部。 China lies to the west of America. 中国在美国的西部。,by the way 顺便说一下 They met each other on their way home/to school. 他们在回家(去学校)的路上相遇了。 By the way, who lost the money? 顺便问一下,谁丢了钱?,(三)方式介词 1表“用”时“with工具、手段”,“by交通工具(单数)”,“in语言、嗓音”。 As a middle school student, don't write with a pencil. 作为一个中学生,不要用铅笔写字。,He always goes to school by bus. 他总是坐公共汽车去学校。 He told us something interesting in Japanese. 他用日语告诉了我们一些有趣的事情。,2be made of 从成品上看得出原材料 be made from从成品上看不出原材料 be made in产地 be made by制造者 It is said that this kind of cloth is made of silk and it is made in China. 据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。,This wine is made from grapes. 这酒是葡萄酿的。 This machine is made by Uncle Wang. 这台机器是王伯伯制造的。,(四)介词短语 1介词和动词的固定搭配 (1)同一动词和不同介词的搭配 look at (看) look for(找) look after(照顾) look over(检查) look out of (朝外面看) look (a)round(环视),arrive in大地方(到达) arrive at小地方(到达) hear of (听说) hear from(收到的来信) spend钱on sth.(花钱做某事) spend时间(in) doing sth.(花时间做某事),(2)同一介词和不同动词的搭配 ask for (要求) leave for (动身去) send for (派人去请) pay for (付钱) wait for (等待) agree with sb.(同意某人) begin with (以开始),help with (在方面帮助) catch up with (赶上) get on/along with (与相处) make friends with (与交朋友),(3)其他的介词和动词的搭配 listen to (听) come from (来自) fall off (从上摔下) try out (试验) knock at/on (敲) prefer.to. (比起来还是好) learn by oneself (自学),take care of (照顾) stop.(from)doing (阻止做) help oneself to食物 (随便吃) get to (到达) thanks to (多亏;由于),2介词和形容词的常见搭配 be good at (在方面好) be weak in (在方面差) be good for (对有好处) be bad for (对有坏处) be late for (迟到),be sorry for (为遗憾;抱歉) be full of (充满) be busy with (忙于) be angry with sb.(对某人生气) be afraid of (害怕) be interested in (对感兴趣),be different from (与不同) be strict with sb.(对某人严格) be strict in sth.(对某事严格) be fond of (喜爱),3be used for(be used to do sth.)意为“被用来做”。介词for表示用途,后接名词或动词ing形式。be used by 意为“被使用”,介词by后面接动作的执行者。be used as 意为“被用作”,介词as表示“作为”,be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做”,to是介词。,The stamp is used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。 English is widely used by travellers and business people all over the world. 英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。,English is used as the second language in many countries. 英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。 I am used to getting up early every morning. 我习惯早晨早起。,考点二 连 词 (一)并列连词 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的并列连词有and,but,or,for,so,both.and.,either.or.,neither.nor,not only.but also.等。,1表示平行或对等关系 and和both.and.两者都 neither.nor.既不也不 not only.but(also)不但而且 when就在这时,突然,Hold on to your dream,and one day it may just come true. 坚持你的梦想,总有一天它会实现。 Yesterday evening I was playing the piano when the doorbell rang. 昨天晚上,当门铃响的时候我正在弹钢琴。,2表示转折关系 but但是 yet然而 while然而 while常用来表示前后鲜明的对比 It's a beautiful place,but there were so many people there that I couldn't find a proper place to take photos. 它是一个漂亮的地方,但是有太多的人以至于我不能找到合适的位置拍照。,3表示选择关系 or或者;否则 or else否则 not.but.不是而是 either.or.或者或者 在并列的否定句中,用or代替and构成完全否定,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,用and而不用or连接。,When you are learning English,use it,or you will lose it. 当你学英语的时候,要用它,否则你就会丢了它。 The shoes don't fit me.They're either big or small. 这些鞋不适合我,它们不是大就是小。 4表示因果推理关系 for因为,此时它引导的从句只能位于句尾,前面用逗号隔开。,(二)从属连词 1引导名词性从句的主要有that(无词义,可省略),if和whether。whether可与or not连用,它们在句中不作成分,在ask,wonder,not know, want to know,not be sure等后常用whether或if从句,而不用that从句。 The foreigner asked me if I could speak English. 那个外国人问我是否会讲英语。,