《宾语补足语》

2010高考英语语法 专题复习系列课件33宾语补足语 What is object complement, anyway?宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语如: The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Make yourself at home.They wish you to go with them. 宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状 态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、 不定式，动名词和分词充当。宾语补足语用法: 能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有 以下几类： 1 感觉动词，如：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语 可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。如： He heard a distant voice shouting. I could smell Chinese vegetables cooking. Did you see a car being driven away?2 含使动意义的动词，如：let, have, get, make, would like, want 这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过 去分词。如： We have just had the house repaired. You must get the car repaired. At my school they dont make us wear school uniform. They let us wear whatever we like. I want the work finished by January 1st.3 含命名意义的动词，如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。 这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如： Call me Joe, please. She was elected the president of the company. 这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注 意区别。如： They have made me the chairman. (宾补) They have made me a nice chair. (直接宾 语)4 结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般 是不定式。常见的动词很多，如： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, want, warn, wish等。 They asked me to tell you how much we appreciated your help. Help me move the desk, will you?5 等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接 的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、 现在分词、过去分词等。如： We found it very difficult to solve the problem. How can you keep them waiting for so long? Suddenly I found my wallet stolen. Keep the door closed. (See textbook and workbook：P 46, 86, 87) drive sb. crazy / mad / wild get it clean / dirty / wet / open / shut find it difficult / easy hold it open / still keep it cool / fresh / shut leave it clean / dirty / open / shut paint it brown / red prefer it friedKeep these in heart常见的宾补形式1. 名词做宾补 She found him a very clever boy. They named the child Jimmy. My mother looks so young that we would think her my sister. 【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的 职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不 能用冠词。例如 ：John was elected Chairman of the students union. In 1864 Lincoln was made President of the United States for the second time. The queen made him officer of the guard 2. 形容词做宾补 He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. I found the movie very interesting.We found it important for children to follow the table rules. John wears his hair very long. She has her hands black.3. 副词做宾补 Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. Have your shoes on. When you have finished your experiment , please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards . I followed him in . 4.介词短语做宾补 To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. I found everything in good condition. We thought the material of great importance. They acknowledged him as their chief.5.动词 ing 形式作宾补在 see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感观 动词后可以用 - ing 形式（即现在分词）做宾语补 足语。这时 - ing 形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻 辑上的主谓关系，并且 - ing 形式表示宾语正在进 行的动作。 He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor. ) Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 注：动名词作宾语补足语的情况极为少见，略讲。 现在分词做宾语补足语，如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.He tried to start the engine running.The words immediately set us all laughing.注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语 同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系 ，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：He saw an old man getting on the bus.An old man was getting on the bus.I once heard this song sung in Japanese.This song was once sung in Japanese.I dont want the children taken out in such weather.The children were taken out in such weather.以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与 谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time.She was never heard singing that song again.One of the glasses was found broken. 有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，这些动词是：catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, spy, send 等，例如：She caught her son smoking a cigarette.Wed better keep the fire burning.I dont mind you joking. I like it.The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time.I dont remember him ever saying anything like that.We must try to stop them getting into trouble.His words started me thinking seriously.Can you smell something burning?The earthquake sent the china and glass crashing to the ground. 6. 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。She found the door broken in when she came back她回来时发现有人破门而人。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改 为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。1. I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2. The girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We th