定语从句和状语从句的详解
-孙红句子类型从句的基础人的头相当于一个句子的主语 部分 I like you.人的身子相当于句子的谓语部分. I like you.虽然每个人都有头和身子， 但每个人都是不一样的。 我们按照性别把人分成男人和女人两大类别。 句子也是一样每个句子都是有主语部分和谓语部分， 但每个句子都不一样。 我们按照结构把句子分为5类。一.主语+谓语 The sun rises in the east I get up everyday She dances. The class has finished.主语： 动作的执行者 谓语： 动作 这种结构中的动词为不及物动词。 不及物动词：动词不接宾语(rise升起)。 及物动词： 动词后接宾语（do homework; eat rice; drink milk）二. 主语+系动词+表语 I am a teacher. She is beautiful. It has been a long time. The sea gets dark.表语是说明主语的性质，特征等。 系动词相当于一条绳子把主语和表语连系在一起。 系动词和表语一起叫做谓语部分。三. 主语+谓语+宾语I have done my homework. She drank tea yesterday. She has done nothing. My teacher did it.宾语是谓语动词的对象。 例如：eat rice.(吃什么，吃米饭)其他 四.主语+谓语+双宾语 I give him a present.五.主语+谓语+复合宾语 We elected John our leader.间接宾语： 人直接宾语： 物宾语宾语补足语注意：如何区分双宾语和复合宾语复合宾语中 的宾语和宾补间加BE动词。 句子仍然成立。 例如 John is our leader. 但he is present,明显不成立。其他句子成分 1. 定语（形容词） 定语是用来修饰名词的。 例如： He is a tall man.（修饰表语） That beautiful girl is my sister. (修饰主语) I like the red hat. (修饰宾语) I like the hat that I bought yesterday (句子做定语修饰名词hat.)其他句子成分 1. 状语 状语是用来修饰谓语或者整个句子的,表示做某事 的时间，地点，方式，频度等。 例如： She runs fast.（方式） The man came here yesterdayShe takes a bath once a week. I was eating at that time. I was eating when she came in.(表示做事的时间和地点)(表示频度)(用短语表示动作发生的时间)（用句子表示动作发生的时间。）从句 1.主语从句：The red book is interesting. What I am reading is interesting. 2.宾语从句: I believe his words.I believe what he said. 3.表语从句: The book is good.The book is what I want. 4.同位语从句（补语从句）: I like the book Gone with the Wind . I like the idea that we give him a book as his birthday present.从句 5.定语从句: 定语用于修饰名词（名词可以充当主语，表语，宾语）。 I like the red hat.(形容词修饰宾语) I like the hat that I bought yesterday。 (句子做定语修饰名词hat.) 6.状语从句：状语表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式等。I was eating at that time.(用短语表示动作发生的时 间) I was eating when she came in.（用句子表示动作发 生的时间。）小结 用一个句子充当主句的什么成分就叫做什 么从句， 例如句子充当主语叫主语从句， 充当宾语，叫做宾语从句， 充当表语叫表 语从句。 只有一个谓语的句子。我们叫做简单句。 有从句的句子叫做复合句， 复合句至少两 个谓语，即主句一个谓语，从句一个谓语 。一个人 简单句怀孕的妈妈 复合句定语从句概念 I like the hat that I bought yesterday 。 1.先行词：the hat :就是被从句所修饰的那个。 2.关系词： that 作用：1.指代先行词；2.引领从句。3.连接主 句和从句。 注意：定语从句的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。本 句中that充当从句中的宾语。 I like the hat. I bought the hat yesterday. 3.主句和从句： I like the hat 主句 that I bought yesterday 从句 （由that引导的从句） 定语从句难点 关系词的用法： thatwhich whowhomwhosewhenwherewhy关系词 -that 1. 可以指人也可以指物,先行词为人或物都可以I like the room that we had class yesterday.She is the girl that I talked about. 2.如先行词为something, nothing, everything,等不定代词时，关系词用 that. Is there anything that I can do for you?关系词 -that 3，先行词中有little ,few, all , much , none, 序数词，最高级时用that. Tell me all the things that you know. You are the best friend that I have ever had.关系词 who/whom/whose Who: 指人 The man who I work with is very nice. Whom: 指人，前边加介词 The man with whom I work is very nice. Whose:表示所属关系，相当于my，your, her, his, their, our I know the girl whose bag is green.关系词 -which 1.指物：That is the bag which costs 100RMB.That is the bag that costs 100RMB. 两句一样意思。 2.指前边的句子： Tom is late, which upset the teacher.小结which 先行词为物thatthat 先行词为人 who介词+whomWhose表示所有注意： 当关系词在从句中充当宾语时，可以省略关系词。 She is the one (who) I talked about yesterday.关系词 -when 指代时间（先行词必须为表示时间的名词 ，如day, time, year等。= on which） I will never forget the day when I met you. 2009 is the year when we got the earthquake. 2009 is the year on which we got the earthquake特别注意 定语从句中的When 在从句中充当的成分为状语。I will never forget the day when I met you. = I will never forget the day.I met you on that day. 对比：Which的用法 I will never forget the day which began with a storm. = I will never forget the day. The day began with a storm.做时间 状语做主语关系词 -where 指代地点（先行词必须为表示地点的名词 ，如place，house等。） That is the place where I can buy flowers. 注意：定语从句中的Where 在从句中 充当的成分为状语。(同when)关系词-why 表示原因， 先行词多为reason. That is the reason why I came here.小测 1. 先行词是什么？ 2. 关系词有哪些 3. 关系词的作用？ 4. 定语从句中什么情况关系词可以省略呢 ？ 5. something 的关系词应该是什么？ 6. who , whom , whose 的区别是什么 ？状语从句的种类种类关系词（在状语从句中没有先行词）时间状 语从句When, until, before, after, since, as soon as 地点状语 从句where原因状语 从句Because, for条件状语 从句If, unless.时间状语从句 I was eating at that time.(用短语表示 动作发生的时间) I was eating when she came in.（用 句子表示动作发生的时间。）时间状语从句难点 时间状语从句要用现在时表示将来。 Ill call you when mother comes back. 思考： 那个是主句，那个是从句？ 主句什么时态，从句什么时态？ mother 回来没？Mother还没有回来， 那么COME应该用将来时，但在时间状语从句中， 主句用一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时，特别注意第三人称单数的变化 We will go as soon as it stops raining.地点状语从句 A driver should slow down where there are schools.与定语从句的区分 A driver should stop at the places where there are schools. 定语从句前边有明显的先行词。原因状语从句 I am leaving because I am tired of you.条件状语从句 I will go picnic, if it doesnt rain tomorrow.难点： tomorrow还没有到， 那么rain应该用将来时，但在条件状语从句中， 主句用一般将来时， 从句也用一般现在时， 和时间状语从句一样的。同位语从句I like the book Gone with the Wind .书名就是Gone with the wind I like the idea that we give him a book as his birthday present.（ 同从） 分解： I like the
