采矿工程英语4

2.3 Stripping and Pit Development 露天矿剥离与生产v一、重点专业词汇和词组 Fundamental concepts 基本概念 Involved in 涉及 Steeply dipping 急倾斜的 flat-lying 平缓的 keyed to 答案，关键 Complementary 补充的，补足的 Dewatering 脱水的vInvestigated 调查研究vExtraction 萃取，获取vAttachments 附件，附属装置vproperty of trees 乔木 vsurface drainage 路面排水，地表水系vLimitations 限制vsuspended solids 悬浮体vCompliance 承诺，服从，顺从vEffluent 排放vHydroseeding 水力播种vConventional 传统的vIn addition 此外，另外vUltimately 最终，根本，基本上vIntegrity 完整性vSediment 沉淀物；沉积 vdiversion daiv:n 转移；消遣；改向vexpanded to 推广vdisturbed dist:bd 扰乱的，受害的破坏的vSuspended 悬浮的；暂停的，缓期的宣判vSedimentation ponds 沉降池precipitation pri,sipitein 沉淀，沉淀物vregrade 降级、重新分类，重整坡度vApproximate 近似于，大概的，使接近vHighwalls 边坡；未开采工作面 vRestoration 恢复；复垦；修复，复 原vExceedìng 超过vReplacement 更换，重置vstockpile 料堆、贮存vPlowing 翻耕，耕作vpreparation 制备，制剂vPremining 前期开采vPostmining 后期开采、开采之后vdivert 转移veliminate 消除，解决vcomparison with 与相比vover-compaction 过分压实vminimize minimaiz 使减到最少，最小化 va minimum of 至少，最少的vauger drilling 螺旋钻机v1、This section covers the fundamental concepts involved in both the open pit mining of thick or steeply dipping deposits as well as the strip mining of thin ,shallow , and relatively flat-lying seams or beds.v这部分内容包含的基本概念涉及两个方面：厚 的或急倾斜矿床的露天开采，以及薄的、浅的 、相对平缓的矿层或矿床的露天剥采。二、复合难句v2、The surface mining method selected for a specific property is generally keyed to the overburden removal system , since this unit operation usually involves the greatest capital and operating cost componentsv为一定特性而选择的露天采矿方法通常是表 土剥离系统的关键。因为这部分作业通常包 含最大的资金和运作成本。 v3、Once the stripping method and complementary equipment have been selected , extraction equipment systems are selected for the other unit operationsv一旦选定了剥离方法和相应（配套）设备 ，随后？就选定其它部分作业所需的开采 设备系统。 v4、Standard engineering practice dictates that various alternatives be investigated, not only for the stripping system, but also for the other unit operations.v工程实践标准要求研究各种备用方案，不 仅是为了剥离系统，也是为了其他部分作 业。 v5、The goal is to provide maximum resource extraction at a minimum cost including both capital and operating cost considerations.v其目的是以最小的资金投入和运营成本去 获取最大的资源产出。 v6、This involves clearing the property of trees and shrubs and then removing the stumps and roots to insure a homogeneous topsoil. v这包括清除乔木和灌木丛，并搬运树桩和树根以 确保带有同性质表土。v v7、Grubbing is often done with rake-like grubbing attachments on agricultural tractors or dozers.v除根通常是用装在农用拖拉机或推土机上的像耙 一样的除根装置来完成的。 v8、Regulations dictate that the topsoil be removed and ultimately replaced upon graded spoils. v条例规定：必须分类移置表土并最终按照表土等 级分类放回到破损区。v v9、Topsoil can either be stockpiled at the side of the pit area for later redistribution or hauled immediately to the graded area forredistribution.v或者将剥离的表土堆放在矿区旁边等待以后重新 分布，或者立即运送到整平区进行重新分布。 v10、In the latter case , the topsoil can either be hauled around the pit or across the pit on spoil bridges. v对于后一种情况，或者将表土沿矿坑运出 ，或者穿过矿坑从表土带上运出。 v11、The decision is made on the basis of economics considering topsoil quantities and haul distances.v这要根据经济学上考虑到的表土量和运输 距离而定。 v12、Self -elevating scrapers are the most common means of removing and redistributing topsoil，although loader/truck or wheel excavator/belt systems find application where topsoil quantities are large andor haul distances are long.v自动升降刮运机是剥离和重新分布表土最常用 的工具，尽管装载机卡车或者轮式挖掘机 带式运输机系统也应用于表土量大及或运距 远的地方。 v13、In cases where multiple soil horizons (i, e. A, B, and C) exist , these layers must be removed separately and stockpiled and redistributed to maintain the integrity of each horizonv在多种表土层并存（如A、B、C等多层表 土）的情况下，这些表土层必须单独剥离 、堆放及重新分布，以保持每个表土层的 完整。 v14、For many years , it has been good operating practice to divert surface water from active pit areas to eliminate（剔除） in-pit water problems. v多年来，人们积累了丰富的实践经验，从现 役矿区转移地表水以解决坑内积水的问题。v15、Diversion ditch systems were utilized to deflect the water and direct it into natural drainages.v用转向排水渠系统使矿坑地表水改向并把它 们导入自然排水系统。 v16、Surface drainage from disturbed areas must pass through a sediment pondv来自被破坏区域的地表水系必须穿过一