名词性从句--主语,宾语

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从 句、同位语从句，其关联词有: 1)连接词that, if, whether; 2)疑问代词who, what, which 3)疑问副词when, where, how, why等名词性从句 主语从句 (Subject Clauses) 定义:如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个 主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句.Who did that is known to all. 谁做的那件事，众所周知。 Its reported that no one was killed in the earthquake. 据报道地震中没有人死 亡。主语从句的类型1. 常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.主语从句的类型（7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.（10）That he likes such kind of books is very interesting. （11）What he is looking for is none of your business. 小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数, 但也有例外,如例9主语从句的类型 2. 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正 主语搁置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.主语从句的类型（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)主语从句的类型小结: 1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. 句式是: It is +形容词/名词/某些动 词ed + that 从句.2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do, should+have done),should可以 省略.1)It+be+adj.+从句 *It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. *It was necessary that the driver as carefully as he could. 2)It+be+n.+从句 *It is a pity that he missed the lecture. 3)It+be+过去分词+从句 *It is said that they have won the game. 4)It+be+vi.+从句 *It seems that something is wrong with the computer.2.宾语从句 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 We can learn what we did not know. 如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之 后，用it作为形式宾语。 We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day. A teacher must see it that every one of his students is treated properly. 负责另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可带宾语 从句。例如： I am sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功。I am glad that you can come and help me. 很高兴你能来帮我。3.表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系 动词之后。 The question is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项艰难的 任务。The problem is how we can get there on time. 问题是我们怎样按时到达那儿。4.同位语从句 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名 词的具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要 有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接 词用that，不用which。 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢了这场比赛的消息是真的。His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 他迟到了是因为汽车 半路上出了问题。注意：名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同， 所使用的连词比较复杂。因此,如何确定正确 的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。解决这一 问题可以从以下几点入手： 依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓 “缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。 如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如 缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状 语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why ；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都 不缺用that。 I know what he is talking about.（缺宾语指物） Im sure that he will come tomorrow.（什么都不 缺）Where he will go is unknown.（缺地点状语） I dont know which book I should choose. （缺定语） 注意几组易混连词whether与if；that与what的使 用： 引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用whether 不用if 表“是否”。引导宾语从句时whether, if均可。 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. We dont know whether/if she is ready. that引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而what在从句中 充当成分，有意义。 What he says is important. That light travels faster than the sound is a fact. 1. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 2. Do you know _ hes getting along well with his English?A. how B. that C. what D. which 3. The reason why he didnt come to the party is _ he was ill. A. because B. why C. that D. when 4. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there巩固练习：5. _ more countries can use natural energy in future _ to be seen. A.Whether; remains B. What ; remains C. Who ; remained D. If ; remains 6._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 7._surprises me most is that she doesnt even know _ the difference between the two lies. A.What; where B. What; what C. That; where D. That; what 8. _ is n