2017湖南中考面对面 英语 语法专题突破 专题一 名 词 （共59张ppt）

第二部分 语法专题突破专题一 名 词命题点一 名词词义辨析命题点二 名词的数命题点三 名词所有格考点1名词语境辨析 (2016年20次，2015年 29次，2014年31次 ) 考点精讲命题点一 名词词义辨析分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，名词语境辨析是每年的必考点，包括同类名词辨析和其他语境类辨析，主要在完形填空中考查，单项填空中偶尔涉及。同类名词即三个选项的设置属于同一类的名词。湖南近3年中考中主要包括身份类、地点类、身体器官类、时间类、饮食类、学生学习与生活类、自然类、家居类、职业类等。针对名词的语境辨析类试题，首先应分辨三个选项的词义及用法，其次分析语境和逻辑关系，再根据词义和语境选答案，并将所选答案代入题干中验证准确性。考点2近义名词辨析 (2016邵阳31题，2015年2次 ) 湖南各地市近3年中考真题中对近义名词辨析考查较少，仅在完形填空中考查。初中常见近义名词辨析列举如下： travel与trip(2015邵阳31题) travel泛指一般意义上的旅行，强调路途远，时间长。trip指近距离的旅行，并且往往要回到出发点(即双程)。 bus, taxi, car, bicycle与truck(2015郴州31题) bustaxicarbicycletruck公共汽车出租车汽车自行车货车 job与work【具体讲解见本书P19】 family, home与room 【具体讲解见本书P4】 problem与question 【具体讲解见本书P30】 voice, noise与sound 【具体讲解见本书P73】考点3名词固定搭配 (2016年4次， 2015年5次，2014年2次 ) 分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知， 名词的固定搭配主要在完形填空中考查， 单项填空中涉及较少(2014益阳24题)。初中常考名词固定搭配列举如下：名词与介词at the age of 在岁时(2016岳阳41题)the (best) way to. 做(最好)的方法 (2016湘西42题)different kinds of. 各种各样的(2015岳阳36题)the number of.的数量(2015岳阳39题)the rest of名词 剩余的in a different way 以一种不同的方式to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是名词与动词play a role in. 在中扮演角色(2016岳阳43题)lose ones way 迷路(2016娄底24题)make trouble 制造麻烦(2015湘潭37题)make a mistake 犯错误(2015张家界40题)have an idea 有一个主意/想法(2015益阳41题)ask for help 寻求帮助(2014常德38题)give some advice on. 在方面给出一些建议(2014益阳24题)have a try 尝试 learn a lesson 汲取教训make a wish 许愿 make a promise 做承诺make a living 谋生 make a decision 做决定make a noise 制造噪音 make a difference 产生影响make progress 取得进步 keep a balance 保持平衡take an interest in sth. 对某事/物感兴趣现学现用同类名词辨析1. I want to go to the _ to see my favorite animal.A. zoo B. school C. factory2. The old man cant hear us well because theres something wrong with his _. A. mouth B. ears C. eyesAB3. Im a little hungry now. I only drank some _ before I came to school. A. bread B. milk C. meat4. The New York Times is one of the most popular daily _. A. magazines B. newspapers C. guidebooksBB5. Children should help their _ do some housework on weekends. Yes, I agree with you. A. friends B. parents C. classmatesB6. What do you like to do in your spare time, Jim?I like _. So I often listen to my favorite songs. A. trip B. art C. musicC7. The _ of Changsha is really hot, but we still like living here. A. spring B. summer C. winter8. The passengers safety depends on the _ when the plane is flying. A. engineer B. pilot C. teacher BB其他语境类辨析9. Cindy, whats your favorite _？I like soccer best. A. color B. sport C. season10. Running in the morning is a good _. It can make us strong and healthy. A. habit B. success C. pity AB11. There are lots of _ that students have to follow in school. A. exercises B. problems C. rules12. Im afraid to ask questions because of my poor _. Youd better practice speaking more. A. introduction B. pronunciation C. inventionBC13. Finding information is not a big deal today. Well, the _ is how to tell whether the information is useful or not. A. courage B. challenge C. messageB近义名词辨析14. Tony regards Beijing as his second _ because he has lived there for ten years. A. family B. house C. home15. At the foot of the hill, you can hear nothing but the _ of the running water. A. sound B. noise C. voiceAC16. Jack found a good _ after graduating from college. A. work B. job C. business B名词固定搭配17. Jack takes little _ in drawing, but he likes playing chess. A. choice B. cause C. interestC18. My brother graduated from Hunan Normal University at the _ of 22. A. taste B. year C. ageC19. Im tired out these days. Well, youd better keep a _ between work and play. A. note B. balance C. orderB20. If you dont know the _ to the park, you can buy a map of this city. A. way B. price C. dream A考点1可数名词复数的变化规则 (2016年3次，2015年2次， 2014年2次 ) 考点精讲命题点二 名词的数分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知，可数名词复数的变化规则为常考点。主要在单项填空中考查名词复数的规则变化， 不规则变化考查较少；完形填空中尚未涉及。规则变化规则例词一般在词尾加s(2014永州26题)keykeys钥匙mapmaps地图boyboys男孩以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名 词后加es(2014怀化22题)boxboxes盒子 watchwatches手表以f或fe结 尾的名词变f或fe为v， 再加esleafleaves树叶 knifeknives小刀直接在f后加schiefchiefs首领 gulfgulfs港湾巧学妙计：以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，变f或fe为v，再加es的词：半数(half)树叶(leaf)自己(self)黄，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)忽遇狼(wolf)，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)来帮忙。 以辅音字母 加y结尾的 名词变y为i再加espartyparties 聚会 storystories 故事以辅音字母 加o结尾的 名词表示有生命的 名词在词尾加 es(2016年2次, 2015娄底24题)potatopotatoes 马铃薯 tomatotomatoes 西红柿以辅音字母 加o结尾的名词表示无生命的名词在词尾加 s(2016湘西23题)photophotos照片 pianopianos钢琴 巧学妙计：以辅音字母加o结尾的名词变复数加es的词：黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)。 不规则变化 构成方法例词ooee (2015永州19题)toothteeth牙齿 footfeet脚 goosegeese鹅aemanmen人；男士 womanwomen成年女子； 妇女 policemanpolicemen(男)警察词尾加(r)enchildchildren孩子单复数同形sheepsheep羊；绵羊deerdee