2017湖南中考面对面 英语 语法专题突破 专题十二 动词的语态 (共26张ppt)
第二部分 语法专题突破专题十二 动词的语态考点精讲分析湖南各地市近3年中考真题可知, 被动语态只在单项填空中考查, 完形填空中尚未涉及。命题点以一般现在时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态为主, 也会较少考查含情态动词的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态和现在进行时的被动语态。考生在做此类试题时, 应注意以下三点:1. 首先应读懂句意, 确定主语和谓语, 明确谓语动词的动作是否由主语发出。如果谓语动词的动作由主语发出, 则是主动语态;如果不是由主语发出, 则是被动语态, 由此可排除主动语态的选项。2. 分析被动语态的基本结构, 动作的承受者(动作的对象,多是名词)在空前、实施者在空后(有时可省略)判断出用被动语态。3. 被动语态的考查一般会和时态相结合。考生可根据关键词(时间状语)来判断时态。对于没有关键词的题目, 则要根据前后句已经给出的时态、语境并结合 常识进行判断。 【典例剖析】(2016岳阳32题)Many Hope Primary Schools _ last year.A. is built B. was built C. were built点拨:第步:分析语境:去年许多希望小学。第 步:分析句子结构, 找句子主语、谓语。本题中, 主 语为Hope Primary Schools, 谓语为build。第步: 分析主语和谓语的逻辑关系。根据常识可知, “希望小 学”与“建造”之间为动宾关系, 应用被动语态。第步:根据题干中的标志词或语境判断用何种时态的被动语 态。本题中, 根据last year可知用一般过去时。第步 :主语为复数形式, 谓语动词用were built。从而判定 正确答案为C。常见的被动语态的构成 语态被动结构例句一般现在时 的被动语态 (2016年3次, 2015年5次,2014年2次)be(am/is/are)动词的过去 分词The flowers are watered every day. 这些花每天都被浇水。一般过去时 的被动语态 (2016年7次, 2015湘西34题,2014年2次)be(was/were)动词的过去 分词The flying disk was invented by college students. 这种飞碟是大学生 们发明的。一般将来时的被动语态 (2014年3次)will/shallbe动词的过去分词The bridge will be finished in a month. 这座桥将在一个月后竣工。现在进行时的被动语态 (2014益阳29题)be(am/is/are)being动词的过去分词The proposal is being considered now. 这个提案现在正在被考虑。含情态动词的被动语态 (2016怀化28题,2015年3次,2014年2次)情态动词be动词的过去分词Tables could be made of stones at that time. 那时候,桌子可以由石头制成。如何判断是否使用被动语态1. 不知道或没指出动作的执行者是谁时。如:Many trees should be planted every year. 每年都应该种很多树。2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:The computers are used by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人使用电脑。 3. 句子的主语是物时。如:Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。主动语态如何转换为被动语态1.要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主 格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引导。3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:We asked him to sing an English song.(主动 句)He was asked to sing an English song by us. (被动句)我们让他唱首英文歌。主动形式表示被动意义的情况1.某些动词用作不及物动词,如:read, write, wash, draw, cut, open, sell等,常与副词well, easily, smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动意义。如:The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 2. 动词need, require, want, deserve等后接 ving 的主动结构表示被动意义,相当于sth. need(s) /require(s) /want(s) /deserve(s) to be done。如:The car needs cleaning.The car needs to be cleaned. 这辆汽车需要清洗了。3. 某些系动词如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等加形容词,也可用主动形式表示被动意义。如:The food tastes delicious. 这种食物尝起来很美味。4. be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”,表示被动含义。如:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 现学现用1. How clean your car is!Thank you. It _ very often. A. is washed B. washes C. was washed2. Can I take these magazines?No, they _ out of the reading room. A. will take B. should be takenC. mustn't be takenAC3. Every day, too much food _ in our school. We must take actions to stop it. A. was wasted B. is wastedC. are wastedB4. Whos the little girl in the photo?Its me. The photo _ 10 years ago. A. took B. was taken C. is taken5. We _ to start at once, or we will miss the train. A. tell B. have told C. are toldBC6. What a beautiful garden you have!Your father must be a good gardener. Thanks. Some flowers _ by him in the garden yesterday. A. will be plantedB. plantedC. were plantedC7. The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. is invented B. was invented C. were invented8. You _ another day to make your own decision. A. gave B. are giving C. will be givenBC9. Tell me one thing that youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony. I _ as captain of the school football team. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen C10. Tourists bad behavior _ by the government in our country from now on. A. will record B. will be recordedC. is recordedB11. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?Im not sure, because I _ so far. A. havent invited B. wasnt invitedC. havent been invitedC12. Teenagers should _ to take care of themselves from a young age. A. educate B. have educatedC. be educatedC