2014年职称英语考试理工类语法辅导助动词
2014年职称英语考试理工类语法辅导:助动词2014年职称英语考试即将到来,一些基本的英语语法知识点你还记得多少?跟小编一起回顾一下助动词的用法吧。1.英语中的助动词有下面这些:(1)be,am,is,are,was,were,been,being(2)have,has,had,having(3)shall,will,should,would(4)do,does,did这些助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,或构成疑问及否定形式。2.助动词be可用来:(1)构成进行时态:I'll be seeing her at 10 tomorrow. 我明天十点和她会面。What have you been doing these days?这些天来你在干什么?(2)构成被动语态:What has been assigned for today's homework?今天留了什么作业?Preparations are being made for the speech contest. 演讲比赛的准备工作正在进行。(3)和动词不定式构成复合谓语,表示按计划安排即将发生的事情:A new hospital is to be built in our district. 我们区要修建一所新医院。Where are we to meet? 我们在哪里碰头?3.助动词have可用来:(1)构成完成时态和完成进行时态:Great successes have been achieved on all fronts. 在各个战线上都取得了巨大的胜利。That was the place I had been longing to see. 这是我一直渴望见到的地方。(2)和动词不定式构成谓语,表示不得不做的事情:The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train. 火车开了,我们得等下一班车了。Do we have to translate the whole text into Chinese?No,you don't have to. 我们需要把整篇课文译成汉语吗?不必。4.助动词do可以用来:(1)构成疑问式和否定式:Do you go?你去吗?Did you go?你去了吗?I did not (didn't)go. 我没有去。(2)加强语气(用于强调谓语):I do think you should go. 我的确认为你应当去。Do come and join us. 千万要来参加我们的活动。(3)代替前面刚出现的动词来避免重复:She speaks mush more fluently now than she did last term. 她现在比上学期说得流利得多了。Did you see him?Yes,I did. 你看见他了吗?嗯,看见了。5.Shall可以用来:(1)构成将来时态,单纯表示未来情况。主要用于第一人称:We shan't be back tonight. 我们今晚不回来。Tomorrow we shall have finished the whole thing. 明天就全部完成了。(2)用在问句中征求对方的意见和指示,主要用于第一人称:Shall I turn on the light?要开灯吗?Shall we sit here?咱们坐这儿怎么样?6.will可以用来:(1)构成将来时态,主要用于第二、三人称:Will you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有事吗?They will have got to Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天这时候他们就已经到上海了。(2)用于疑问句,表示请进、邀请:Will you type this,please?请把这打一下好吗?Won't you come over?请到这边来好吗?