必修四第三单元语法

Unit 3 A taste of English humour Learning AimsLearn to use the words and expressions in the part. particularly, occasion, slideMaster the usages of v-ing as object complement, predicative and attribute.Learning methods:Task-based leaning and teaching; Cooperative learning; discussion; presentation; explanationPeriod 3 Grammar问题导读评价单写出下面划线部分所作的成分。1. Learning a foreign language is very useful. ( )2. I enjoy learning English. ( ) 3. We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language. ( )4. The music sounds exciting. ( )5. My job is teaching. ( )6. There is a swimming pool in our school. ( )7. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. ( )8.We watch the children diving into the water from the top board.( ) 问题解决评价单v-ing形式作表语v-ing 形式作表语时放在_词之后，表示抽象性、经常性、习惯性的动作，表语和主语的位置可以_.1. Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。=Painting is her hobby.2. Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。= _.注意：不定式和v-ing 作表语的区别：v-ing多表示一般行为和状态； 不定式则强调具体某次动作或将来要发生的动作。 v -ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的_，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料 _water = water for drinking 饮用水a _stick = a stick for walking 手杖a _room = a room for reading 阅览室a _desk = a desk for writing 写字台_music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a _result = a result that is surprising一个惊人的结果2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词_, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：They lived in a room facing the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。= They lived in a room that faces the street. The man standing there is Peters father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。= The man _is Peters father. Anybody _in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, _, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 v-ing形式作宾语补足语1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。We found the snake _ (eat) the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。I found a bag _ (lie) on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。The boss kept the workers_(work) the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作2当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：They found the result very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。 主语 宾语 宾补= The result is found very satisfying. 主语 主补They heard him singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 = _3.能用v-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody _(pat)me on the shoulder. As he spoke, he observed everybody _(look at)him curiously. Listen to the birds _.(sing)注意：see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用v-ing形式和省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 观察以上2个例句我们可以发现：前者表示动作_，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的_.如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，省略to的动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而v-ing形式则表示反复动作。如： We heard the door slam. We heard the door slamming. 2）表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me_(think).Im sorry to have kept you_ (wait). I cant get the clock _again (go).You wont catch me _that again (do).问题拓展评价单.找出下列句子中的错误并改正。1. I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week.2. Many people still enjoy see Charlie Chaplins silent film.3. They are visitors come from many countries.4. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting into laughter.5. We are all fond of Charlies early films, which we think are more interested.6. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day.7. I wouldnt mind to see the Gold Rush again with you tonight.8. Charlies job was entertain people