2022年考博英语-江苏大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷21

2022年考博英语-江苏大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 不定项选择题You hear the refrain all the time: the U. S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War , the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only as “a necessary evil”.Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving, richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American”, as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity. Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.1. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?2. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because _.3. Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?4. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” (Para.5) ?5. What has affluence brought to American society?问题1选项A.Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy.B.Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness.C.How happiness can be promoted today.D.What lies behind an economic boom.问题2选项A.public spending hasnt been cut down as expectedB.the government has proved to be a necessary evilC.they are in fear of another Great DepressionD.materialism has run wild in modern society问题3选项A.Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.B.Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.C.The distribution of wealth is uneven between the rich and the poor.D.Heath care and educational Cost have somehow gone out of control.问题4选项A.Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.B.People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.C.People who have little say in American politics.D.Workers who no longer have secure jobs.问题5选项A.Renewed economic security.B.A sense of self-fulfilment.C.New conflicts and complaints.D.Misery and anti-social behavior.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society? 1. 约翰肯尼斯加尔布雷斯在他的富裕社会一书中提出了什么问题？A. Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy. A. 为什么统计数据不能反映经济的真相。B. Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness. B. 为什么富裕并不能保证幸福。C. How happiness can be promoted today. C. 如何在今天提升幸福。D. What lies behind an economic boom. D. 经济繁荣背后的原因。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二、三句“为什么越来越多的财富不能带来越来越多的幸福呢？