易混辨析(中考情态动词)
【易混辨析】中考情态动词【情态动词命题趋势与预测】根据对情态动词部分在全国各地中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1、情态动词在一般疑问句中的问与答2、情态动词表示猜测的用法3、will与shall的用法4、dare与need的用法【考点诠释】一、考查情态动词的基本用法 一些情态动词的常用的意义往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须准确理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。1must和have to两者都表示“必须”的意思，但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度；have to则表示客观上的需要。【考例】-Must we finish giving out the posters today?-Yes, we _. It can't be put off any longer. 太原市A. can B. may C. must答案C。解析 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。-I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.-I agree. You _ play like that any more. 河南省A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. wouldn't答案B。解析 此处选mustn't。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。When traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. 南京市A. may B. can C. must D. might.答案C。解析 考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。一I really like playing computer games! 一I'm afraid you _stop，for your study and your health. 07宜昌市 A. am B. will Cmay Dmust答案D。解析 答语意思为“为了你的学习和健康，恐怕你必须停止玩电脑游戏”，所以must最恰当。2can和could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。【考例】-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you _. 陕西省A. can B. must C. should D. will答案A。解析 上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。-Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?-No. It _be Tom. He has gone to Paris. 长沙市A. may not B. needn't C. can't答案C。解析 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。一Mary，_you speak Chinese?一Yes，only a little 北京市A must B need C may Dcan答案D。解析 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够。3shall和should shall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。 should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports. 安徽省A. would B. might C. should D. could答案C。解析 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。 4had better和would rather “had better+动词原形”意为“最好做”，否定句式为had better not。“would rather+动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not。【考例】-Bob，may I _your MP4?一SureBut you'd better not _it to others福州市A lend；lend B lend；borrow C borrow；borrow Dborrow；lend答案D。解析本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.borrow和lend是一组反义词，都是“借”的意思，但相对句子主语来说，borrow意为“借人”；lend意为“借出”。由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?I would rather _ at home than football. It's too hot outside. 南京A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing答案：A。解析本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。译文为:萨姆，今天下午出去打球怎么样？和踢足球相比，我宁愿呆在家里，外面太热。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起来，宁愿做A。 5used to “used to+动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事”或表示过去的一种惯常状态。【考例】He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to _at night. 兰州A. read, read B. reading, read C. read, reading D. reading, reading答案：C。解析考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。6need和dareYou _do it if you really don't want to. 昆明市A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. couldn't答案A。解析 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。-May I do the rest of the work tomorrow? -Yea, of course. You _finish it today. 成都市A. must B. mustn't C. needn't答案C。解析思路分析：根据句意可知，neednt不必。二、考查情态动词表推测的用法1对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must，should，may (might)或can(could)，其中，must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(migt)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。否定推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用maymightcould not，意为“可能不”、“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用can't，意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【考例】You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. 广东省A. can B. may C. must D. need答案C。解析 本题考查情态动词must，can，may，need的区别。本题由题意人手，“你工作了八个小时没有休息肯定很累。”情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis?It _be himI saw him go to the teacher's office just now黄冈市A.must B. can't C.could D.might答案B。解析 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用can't。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。三、情态动词的回答方式 问句 肯定回答 否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No, I needn'tMust you? No, don't have to.典型例题1） Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course, you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。2）Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. I've told him already. A. needn't B. wouldn'tC. mustn't D. shouldn't答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。3）Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _.A. I don't B.I won't C. I can'tD. I
