当代物流学第三章ppt

CHAPTER 3Logistics and Information Logistics and Information TechnologyTechnology3-2Learning ObjectivesFTo learn about supply chains and their managementFTo appreciate the importance of effective and efficient utilization of information for logistics managementFTo learn about general types of information systems and their logistical applicationsFTo look at the Internets influence on logistics3-3Logistics and Information TechnologyFKey Terms Artificial intelligence (AI) Bullwhip effect Data Decision support system (DSS)FKey Terms Electronic commerce Electronic data interchange (EDI) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system3-4Logistics and Information TechnologyFKey Terms Global positioning systems(GPS) Logistics information system (LIS) Office automation systemFKey Terms Radio-frequency identification (RFID) Simulation Transaction processing system (TPS) Supply chain Supply chain management3-5About Supply ChainsFA supply chain “encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage (extraction), through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows.”Source: Robert B. Handfield and Ernest L. Nichols, Jr., Introduction to Supply Chain Management3-6仓库 纺纱厂织布厂印染厂服装厂销售代理商零售店顾客棉花批发商The Supply Chain Concept3-73-8Globalization of Supply Chains2-9Supply chain processes2-10Supply Chain Management Supply chain management is “the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses in the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long- term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole.”Source: John T. Mentzer et al., “ Defining Supply Chain Management,” Journal of Business Logistics2-11Evolution of Supply Chain ManagementCR (2004) Prentice Hall, Inc.3-13Traditional Supply Chain FlowsDemand flowProduct flowSupplierRetailerDistributorManufacturer3-14Information-based Supply Chain FlowsTimely, accurate information flowSupplier Manufacturer Distributor RetailerSmooth, continual product flowmatched to demand3-15基于信息的供应链流及时准确的信息流供应商 制造商 分销商 零售商平稳连续的产品流与需求相匹配3-16Benefits of Effective and Efficient Use of InformationFReplacement of inventory with informationFReduced variability in the supply chainFBetter coordination of manufacturing, marketing, and distribution FStreamlined order processing and reduced lead -times3-17Bullwhip effectOccurs when slight demand variability is magnified as information moves back upstream3-18Bullwhip effectThe Dynamics of the Supply Chain Order SizeTimeSource: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998Customer DemandRetailer OrdersDistributor OrdersProduction Plan3-20What Management Gets. Order SizeTimeSource: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998Customer DemandProduction PlanWhat Management WantsVolumesTimeSource: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998Production PlanCustomer Demand3-23Total Order Cycle: A Customer's PerspectiveKey: 1. Order preparation and transmittal 1 days 2. Order received and entered into system 1 day 3. Order processed 1 day 4. Order picking/production and packing 1 days 5. Transit time 3 days 6. Warehouse receiving and placing into storage 1 dayTotal order cycle time 8 days1. Customer places order6. Order delivered to customer5. Order shipped to customer2. Order received 3. Order processed4. Order picked and packedTotal Order Cycle with Variability2. Order entry and processingFrequency:1 2 31. Order preparationand transmittalFrequency:1 2 33. Order picking or productionFrequency:1 9Frequency:TOTAL3.5 days 8 20 days5. TransportationFrequency:1 3 56. Customer receivingFrequency:.5 1 1.5库存下单订单 到达平均周期库存天数1020304050600100200A.订货批量为200单位变动的订货周期对客户库存的影响B. 提前期变动的情况库存平均周期库存平均库存 (140)2001001012203040天数(安全库存 40)3-26物流信息化特征 F物流信息服务包括预先发货 通知、送达签收反馈、订单 跟踪查询，库存状态查询、 货物在途跟踪、运行绩效监 测、管理报告等。 现代物流的重要特征是物流信 息化，也可以看成是物资实体 流通与信息流通的结合。 通过计算机技术、通讯技术、 信息存储技术等技术手段，大 大加快了物流信息的处理和传 递，从而使物流活动的效率和 快速反应能力得以提高。3-27物流信息化特征F普遍采用条形码技术（ Bar-Coding）和射频识别 技术（RFID），提高信 息采集效率和准确性 F采用基于互联网的电子 数据交换技术（Web EDI）进行企业内外的信 息传输，实现订单录入 、处理、跟踪、结算等 业务处理的无纸化 F应用仓库管理系统（ WMS）和运输管理系统 （TMS）来提供运输与 仓储效率 3-28物流信息化特征F通过与供应商和客户的信息共享，实现供应链的透明化，运 用JIT、CPFR（Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment ）、 VMI等供应链管理技术，实现供应链伙伴之间的协同商务， 以便“用信息替代库存”，降低供应链的物流总成本，提高供 应链的竞争力 F影响供应链管理的最大因素是数据管理采用供应链伙伴广泛接受的格式维护与提取数据以实现 供应链的可视化。3-29Figure : General Types of Information Management Systems3-30General Types of Information Management SystemsFOffice automation system Process personal and organizational business