with和情态动词讲解
with 复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点。在高三课本第六、 第十单元的 Reading 部分中，出现了下面的句子。There was an electric bell that did not work ，with a card next to it bearing the name“Mr.James Dillingham Young"。（第十单元） 在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.（第六单元）在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。1. with复合结构的构成with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以 是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其 后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1）With+宾语+介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He lay in bed with his head covered.3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）With winter coming on， it's time to buy warm clothes.4）with+宾语+todo （不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义）I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.5）with+宾语+形容词/副词With John away， we've got more room.Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.2. with复合结构的作用with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语）3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语）4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语）5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语）6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语） 注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰 letter）2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰 a stretch of country） 情态动词shall ,will ,should和would在不同的句子中含有不同的意思，其基本用法如下： 一、 shall1. 表示说话者的意图、允许、警告、命令、决心等，用于陈述句的第二、第三人称中，有 必须，应，可之意。例如：1）You shall have that book tomorrow.2）He shall be punished if he insists on doing that.2,.在问句中表示征求对方意见，主要用于第一、第三人称，有“好吗"，“要不要”等意思。 例如“1）Shall I fetch the hammer?2）Shall those goods be sent over to you at once?3) Shall we help you?2. 用在表示意图、要求等的从句中，有“应该”，“要”之意，例如：My demand is that is shall be done in time.二、should1. 表示义务、责任、建议或劝告，有“应当、应该”的意思。例如：1) You should learn from each other.2) You shouldn't be so careless.3) He should have told me the news earlier.(should + have + 过去分词)表示对过去本该做的事而没有做，其否定形式是对过去本不做的 事而做了的固定句型。2 .与why ,who ,how等词连用，表示意外、惊异等，有“竟会”等意思。例如：1) How should I know?2) Why should you be so late today?3. 用于表示建议、命令、决定等的从句中，有“应该、必须”的意思。例如：1) The young doctor proposed that he should try the experiment on himself.2) It was decided that we should start a cleanup at once.4. 表示可能性、推测或推论，有“可能、该”等意思。例如：They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.5. 用于虚拟语气句子中，有“万一、竟然、就、该”等意思。例如：1) Should it rain tomorrow (或 If it should rain tomorrow ) ,the meeting would be postponed.2) If the book were in the library ,you should have it. (should 在句子里表说话人的意愿)三、will1 .表示意志、意愿，有“愿、要”之意。例如：1) We will fight on until final victory is won.2) I will do my best to help you.3) She will not shove the heavy load on to others.2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意思，有 “你. 好吗、你愿”。例如：1) Will you help me with my work?2) Will you join our discussion?3. 表示习惯、经常性、倾向性，有“惯于、总是”等意义。例如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.4 .在if ,when ,until等连词引导的表示时间或条件的从句中要用一般时表将来，但在if从 句中有时为了表示意愿也可用will，有“愿意”的意思。例如：1) If you will read this article ,you will realize you are wrong.2) If they won't help us ,we can not finish the task within one month.四、would1. Will 的过去式，表示对过去时间的意志、意愿、决心，有“愿、要、偏要”的意思。例 如：1) I promised that I would do my best.2) I told him not to go ,but he would not listen to me.2. 表示请求或个人的想法、看法，使语气婉转，有“愿、倒”等意思，例如：1) Would you please take a seat?2) Would you mind opening the window?3) I would like to express my thanks to you.3. 表示过去习惯性的动作，着重动作的重复，有逋、是、总会”等意思。例如：On Sundays he would come to our village and work with us.4. 表示虚拟、假设、条件等，有“要、将要、会、就会”等意思。例如：1) If you had come earlier ,you would have seen him.2) It would be better to adopt the new method.示例考题1 It is nearly seven Jackbe here at any moment. (NMET1995)A. must B. Need C. Should D. can解析 这是带与语境的句子，从第一句的句意，我们便可以了解到第二句属推测句型，这 样可排除选项B，在推测句型中否定句和疑问句中，故选C为正确，should表示可能性的 推测。should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富，因而一直是历年 高考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下：一 . should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过 去将来时间。例如：The group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon. 小组长宣布：我们不久就开始工作。A week ago， I told him that I should (= would) go to Beijing the next day. 一个星期以前，我告诉他我第二天就去北京。二 . should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、 “应当”， 这时它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互换使用。例如：You should (= are supposed to ) complete your test in time. 你们应该按时做完你们的实验。You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。In sum， theory should be combined with practice. 总之，理论应该与实验相结合。三 . should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、 “竟然”，这时也可将 should 置于从句之首，即将 should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词 if . 例如：If you should fail to come， ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to come， ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ) 万一你来不了，就叫陈夫人代替你。If a
