2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷46

2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Certain species disappeared or became（ ）as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earths changing environment.问题1选项A.feebleB.extinctC.massiveD.extinguished【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项feeble“微弱的，无力的”，B项extinct“灭绝的，绝种的”，C项massive“大量的，巨大的”，D项extinguished“熄灭的”。根据关键词species（物种），可猜测空格部分应该表示“灭绝”。句意：随着更能适应地球环境变化的新物种的出现，某些物种消失或灭绝。故该题选择B项正确。2. 单选题To achieve sustainable development, the（ ）of resources is assuming new importance.问题1选项A.conservationB.reservationC.exhaustionD.devastation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项conservation“保护，保存”，B项reservation“预定”，C项exhaustion“筋疲力尽”，D项devastation“毁坏”。根据后面的resource可知句意：为了实现可持续发展，储备资源正具有新的重要性。因此A项正确。3. 单选题Many children often（ ）why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.assumeB.anticipateC.assureD.wonder【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项assume“假定，认为”，B项anticipate“预料，期盼”，C项assure“保证，担保”，D项wonder“想知道，感到疑惑”；根据空格后面的疑问副词why可推断，句子部分表示“想知道”。句意：许多孩子常常想知道为什么飞机能像鸟一样飞，而我们人类却不能。因此，该题选择D项正确。4. 单选题Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners.“With virtual reality we will be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patients brain taken before surgery.During these procedures-operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered-surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.”1. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine（ ）.2. How is virtual reality surgery performed?3. Richard Satava has visions of（ ）.4. During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because（ ）.5. Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they_.问题1选项A.will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefieldtB.can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefieldtC.will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefieldtD.can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefieldt问题2选项A.It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.tB.Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.tC.Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer lined to them.tD.A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.t问题3选项A.using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseastB.wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefieldtC.wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeonstD.setting up mobile surgical units overseast问题4选项A.he is looking at the cuts on a computer screentB.the cuts can be examined from different anglestC.the cuts have been highly magnifiedtD.he is wearing 3-D glassest