2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前模拟强化练习题80（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. And giving should be strategic-philanthropy should not simply respond to needs but should look for investment opportunities that yield significance returns.2. What remains pertinent is the reports vision of the role of government in research, including his assertion that the federal government had both the authority and the obligation to support basic research.3. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development, which means that we must, for the benefit of coming generations, leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.4. The threat of the Cold War was a prime driving force leading to the expansion of U.S. science, national labs and academic institutions.5. It is worth noting that preventive measures involving smoking and diet are conveniently similar for cancer and heart disease; one exception is alcohol -a risk factor for the former, a preventive for the later.【答案】1.捐赠也应讲策略慈善事业应该不单是应人之需，而应该觅寻投资机会， 以求产生可观的回报。2.该报告对政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主张，即联邦政府既有权力也有义务支持基础研究。3.这种需要体现在可持续发展的概念中，这意味着为了后代的利益，我们必须留下足够的环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。4.冷战的威胁曾是一个主要的驱动力，它导致了美国科学、国家实验室以及学术机构团体的扩张。5.值得注意的是，癌症和心脏病的预防措施与吸烟和饮食很相似;一个例外是酒精癌症的危险因子，但却是心脏病的预防因子。2. 单选题The Space Age（ ）in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】句意:太空时代始于1957年10月，当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。考查动词辨析。initiate 开始；创始：发起（及物动词，其后不需跟介词）；originate 起源；发生；embark 着手；从事；上船或飞机；commence 开始（可充当不及物动词，后跟介词in）；着手。空格后有介词in，因此D项正确。3. 单选题（ ）man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.问题1选项A.AsB.WhetherC.WhileD.Now that【答案】C【解析】句意:虽然人类现在可以制造出放射性元素，但无法降低这些元素的放射性。考查连词辨析。前半句句意为:人类现在可以制造出放射性元素，后半句句意为:无法降低这些元素的放射性。由此可见，前后为转折对比的关系，因此C项“虽然，尽管”正确。4. 单选题Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were（ ）.问题1选项A.in no wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail【答案】D【解析】句意:在她觉得受到侮辱后，企图劝她留下来是徒劳的。考查短语辨析。in no way 决不；on the contrary 正相反；at a loss 亏本地；困惑不解；of no avail无效;不起作用；徒劳的。根据前半句句意“在她觉得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。5. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.1.由于没有具体证据可供利用，为探寻戏剧的起源，人们首先只能凭推测。2.对于很多人而言，罗马至多不过是对希腊更大规模地模仿和延续，希腊是发明者，而罗马则是研究和发展的分支。3.大多数时候，仅仅是因为无法核实身份，这些惹是生非的个体躲在一个个假名字后面，保护自己不受其行为的影响。4.园林不只是房屋的补充。园林满足了更高层次的生活需求，而这种功能只有艺术才能实现。5.更进一步说，也有人认为这个问题与乐观与悲观的争论无关，我们必须转变看待和思考问题的方式。【答案】1. People can only rely on speculation for exploring the origin of drama because there is no any specific evidence available for use.2. For many people, Rome at most is nothing more than a large-scale imitation and continuation of Greece. Greece is the inventor while Rome is a branch of research and development.3. Most of the time, just because identities cannot be verified, these troublemakers hide behind fake names to protect themselves from being affected their actions.4. A gardens is more than a complement to a houses. Gardens meet the needs of a higher level of life, and this function can only be realized by art.5. Furthermore, some people think that this issue has nothing to do with the debate on optimism and pessimism. We must change the way of viewing and pondering a problem.6. 单选题Only under special circumstances （ ） to take make-up tests.问题1选项A.are freshmen permittedB.freshmen are permittedC.permitted are freshmenD.are permitted freshmen【答案】A【解析】语法题。考查部分倒装。副词only位于句首时，后面部分应用部分倒装结构：助动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词/表语。因此A项正确。7. 单选题（ ）conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】句意:城邦之间的持续冲突导致了希腊文明的最终衰落。考查形容词辨析。continuous和continual都有“连续的，持续的”意思，但continuous强调“不间断”而continual 强调“频繁，反复”。Constant 不变的，恒定的；contrary 相反的，对立的。这里是用来形容城邦间的冲突，故选B。8. 单选题The girl（ ）the doll to her bosom which now was her only possession in the world.问题1选项A.grabbedB.graspedC.snatchedD.clutched【答案】D【解析】句意:女孩把洋娃娃抱在怀里，这是她现在唯一的财产。考查动词辨析。grab 攫取；霸占；grasp 抓住；领会；snatch 夺得；及时救助；clutch 抓住;紧握；紧抱。该动词宾语是the doll(洋娃娃)，因此D项正确。9. 单选题Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect t