2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前模拟强化练习题5（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It is quite natural that the native people use the word order and sentence patterns without（  ） choice.问题1选项A.awareB.carefulC.the bestD.conscious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项aware“知道的，意识到的”；B选项careful“仔细的”；C选项the best“最好的”；D选项conscious“意识到的，清醒的”句意：当地人使用词序和句型是很自然的，没有（）选择。结合选项这里填的词意应该是“意识到的”，排除B、C选项；conscious通常比较正式，强调内心的意识，而aware则是指通过信息，或者感觉器官意识到的，这里根据语境是内心的意识，所以A选项排除，答案选D。2. 单选题 In spite of the（  ）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的，沮丧的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的，痛苦的”；C选项shadowy“幽暗的，多阴影的”；D选项obscure“昏暗的，晦涩的”。句意：尽管经济预期（），制造业产量有所上升。这里关键词in spite of可知，经济预期不是很好，这里能够用来形容经济这个抽象概念的只有A选项。B选项一般指人的品质或者命运。C选项一般指天气。D选项是指模棱两可的，代入句中不符合逻辑。3. 单选题The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven days a week _ ATMs are located.问题1选项A.whereverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whatever【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。A选项wherever“无论何地”；B选项whenever“无论何时”；C选项“however”然而；D选项whatever“无论什么”。句意：ATM机能够让银行客户全天24小时之内取到钱（）有ATM机的地方。根据关键词located，我们可知这是要选一个关于地点的状语从句引导词，四个选项中只有A能表地点。4. 不定项选择题I intend to deal with the problems of formulating practical and realistic plans for the application of science and technology by the government of a newly emerging country. I will specifically have in mind the new African nations, for various historical reasons, they are particularly short of trained manpower.The first thing which must strike, say, the Prime Minster or Minister of finance of such a young nation, is that science and scientists are expensive and that financial demands clash with the innumerable other demands on a countrys very limited financial resources, and still more limited foreign currency.In considering the formulation of national policy in relation to the application of science and technology and to the increase in material wealth, it is useful to distinguish three main aspects of this question.The first is that of known and available technology. The majority of the most urgent needs of the emerging countries in the early stages of development come into this category. To set up a motor-bus service，it is necessary to have the foreign exchange to buy the vehicles and fuel, and the technical schools to train the drivers and repair personnel, but no research or development at all is needed. Nor is new research and development required to set up an airline, or a television system or an electricity supply, or a sewage system and piped water supply or the majority of normal manufacture plants. Though such projects do not involve any appreciable research and development, they do require a large supply of technically and scientifically trained personnel to run them.The second most important aspect of the application of science and technology to a less-developed country is that concerned with problems which are related to the special conditions of the country, and which can only be solved on the spot. Prominent among these, of course, are problems in agriculture and medicine which have specific local significance and so cannot be studied elsewhere. Then there are many problems in meteorology, geology, geophysical surveying, road building and housing, where original research and development related to local conditions are required. In addition, many new technological problems arise in the setting up of local industries, because of the special properties of the local fuels, raw materials, textiles, foodstuffs, etc. In relation to the problems, the importance of a first-rate information service is vital. It must be made as easy as possible for the research and development personnel to be kept aware of the state of general world knowledge on a particular subject, so as not to be led by ignorance into expensive researches to find out what is already well known. The opposite danger is to assume too easily that some process, technique or method, which has long been in successful use in some other country, can be transferred without modification to a new situation.The third aspect is concerned with the group of new technologies which are not yet in general use, but are still under development mainly in the technologically advanced countries. I refer, for instance, to such things as solar heats, fuel cells, desalination of water, and a great many improved processes and manufactured goods. Though a close watch must be kept on these developments, I am convinced that the national economic and technological planning of a new countrys development, over the next decade or so, should be based on what is now known.1. The main object of Professor Blacketts address is（  ）.2. The greatest difficulty the leaders of a young nation have to get over is that（  ） .3. The author suggests that（  ）.4. What is the best way to avoid being misled into expensive researches to find out what is