2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题16（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It is imperative that students （ ） papers on time.问题1选项A.hand inB.would hand inC.have to hand inD.handed in【答案】A【解析】语法题考查虚拟语气。在表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。imperative 表示必须的，是一种要求，所以后面的从句要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形（should可省略）。句意：学生们必须按时交作业。因此A选项正确。2. 不定项选择题Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage seniors from feathering their own nests at expense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options, so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.These reforms have been widely adopted by Americans larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the bosss friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsides spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, “independent” boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performance.To assess the impact of performance related pay, Mr. Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with states of over $1 billion what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researchers big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a companys overall-success.In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.1. What is the purpose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors?2. What does Professor James Westphals study suggest?3. The word “seduction” (Line 1, Para. 4) probably means（ ）.4. Which of the following statements is true?5. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?问题1选项A.To diversify the business of the corporation.B.To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.C.To introduce effective reforms in business management.D.To protect the interests of the shareholders.问题2选项A.Boardroom reforms have failed to achieve the desired result.B.Outside board directors tend to be more independent.C.With a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiously.D.Cooperation between senior managers and board directors suffered from the reforms.问题3选项A.efforts to conquerB.attempts to win overC.endeavors to increase profitsD.exertions to understand问题4选项A.Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they receive.B.The income of corporate executives is proportional to the growth of corporate profits.C.Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.D.The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.问题5选项A.DoubtfulB.OptimisticC.PositiveD.Approving【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由recruiting outsiders定位到文章第一段第一、二句“Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage seniors recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent”，即美国的公司采用了三种方法来保护股东的利益。聘用更多外部人员也是方法之一。A选项“To diversify the business of the corporation”意为“使公司的业务多样化”，原文并未提及；B选项“To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors”意为“加强高层管理者与董事会的合作”，原文并未提及；C选项“To introduce effective reforms in business management”意为“推行有效的企业管理改革”，这是手段不是目的；D选项“To protect the interests of the shareholders”意为“保护股东的利益”。因此D选项符合题意。第2题:事实细节题。由Professor James Westphals study定位到文章第三段第二、三句“On the face of it, dismissing But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal”，从表面上看，从董事会解雇老板的朋友，用外