备战2019年高考英语 纠错笔记系列 专题06 定语从句（含解析）

专题06 定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【错因分析】容易误选 B，认为 around是介词，选 which用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around的宾语。【参考答案】 C2. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【错因分析】容易误选 B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。【试题解析】在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。该题中的动词 spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或 that。【参考答案】A1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用， 修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where。1.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B2. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who【解析】 句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。【答案】 A【名师点睛】定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. whom【错因分析】此题易误选C。关键的问题是没有弄清句子结构，不知道先行词是哪一个，或者是不知道关系词在定语从句中作何成分。【试题解析】考查定语从句。先行词指人且在句中作定语修饰其后的名词lives， 所以用whose。句意为：这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的眼光讲述了这次地震的许多故事。【参考答案】A对于定语从句关系词的考查，首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句，然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分，最后选择正确的词。要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力，和理解能力。如果缺少主宾表，要用that或which，缺少状语用关系副词when，where，why，缺少定语用whose。1.【2018·天津】Kae, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C2. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【解析】这是一个定语从句，a company 是先行词，profit和 a company是所属关系，所以要用关系代词whose。句意：在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。【答案】 B易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用（2017·新课标卷II·短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting（改为interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【错因分析】 此题错误的原因在于不清楚that不能引导非限制性定语从句。【试题解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改为which。【参考答案】 that改为which只用which，不能用that的情况（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成介词关系代词结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如：The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如： This is the question which/that weve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。（2） 先行词为those表事物的复数名词时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。如：Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。（3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。1.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A2.（2017·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【解析】句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。【答案】 which易错点4 介词后接关系代词的误用 (2017·江苏卷·单项填空) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【错因分析】此题易误选A，原因是没有搞清楚，先行词是哪个，关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。【参考答案】 C 使用介词关系代词要注意以下几点：(一)选用介词的依据：(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。(4) 表示所有关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of。(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。(三)of which / whom有时可以用whose名词结构来改写。(四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。(五)in that不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导原因状语从句。二、介词关系代词与关系副词的转化(1)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词which来代替关系副词where。(2) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which来代替关系副词when。(3) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。（2016 江苏卷·单项填空）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】 C易错点5 定语从句与同位语从句的区别News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.A. which           B. that         C. what             D. where【错因分析】此题易误选D。错误的原因在于把_ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University当成了定语从句，空处为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语。【试题解析】本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句较长，名词和同位语从句被from