2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题29（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Our attitude toward our teachers should be（ ）, but not slavish or superstitious.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectedC.respectiveD.respectful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的”；B选项respected“受尊敬的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：我们对待老师的态度应该是恭敬的，但却不应该是盲从的或迷信的。根据句中“Our attitude toward our teacher我们对待老师的态度”可知“恭敬的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题During the World War II, the shabby little bar successfully harbored many Jews who would otherwise have been slaughtered by Hitler.问题1选项A.shiveredB.shoveledC.shelteredD.shuttled【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。harbor“庇护；怀有”；A选项shiver“颤抖；打碎”；B选项shovel“铲除；用铲挖”；C选项shelter“保护；使掩蔽；庇护”；D选项shuttle“使穿梭般来回移动；短程穿梭般运送”。句意：第二次世界大战期间，这家破旧的小酒吧成功地收留了许多犹太人，否则他们可能会被希特勒屠杀。文中提到“slaughtered by Hitler被希特勒屠杀”，可推知harbored在这里有“庇护”的意思，因此C选项正确。3. 单选题When the Pacific War broke out, Edward was drafted by navy and served four full years on a big aircraft carrier.问题1选项A.enlistedB.mobilizedC.approvedD.attracted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。draft“起草；制定；征募”；A选项enlist“征募；赞助”；B选项mobilize“动员；调动；使流通”；C选项approve“批准；赞成”；D选项attract“吸引；引起”。句意：太平洋战争爆发时，爱德华应征入伍，在一艘大型航空母舰上服役了整整四年。由题干中的“served four full years on a big aircraft carrier在一艘大的航空母舰上服役了整整四年”可知was drafted在这里是“被征募”的意思，因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.问题1选项A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A选项soft“柔软的；温柔的；软弱的”；B选项sheer“绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项refined“精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的”。句意：丝绸虽然被认为是一种易碎的织物，但事实上它非常结实，但它受到阳光的不利影响。根据句中although“尽管”和“is in fact very strong实际上是非常结实的”可知delicate在这里的意思为“易碎的”，因此C选项正确。5. 单选题He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.问题1选项A.runs forB.runs againstC.runs overD.runs into【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。violate“违反；侵犯，妨碍”，A选项run for“竞选；匆匆去取；赶紧去请”；B选项“run against 撞上；偶遇；违反”；C选项“run over 辗过；匆匆看；复查”；D选项“run into 遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇见”。句意：他不做任何违背集体利益的事。根据句中“the interests of the collective集体的利益”可知violate在这里的意思为“违反”，因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Sometimes, the messages are conveyed through deliberate, conscious gestures; other times, our bodies talk without our even knowing.问题1选项A.definiteB.intentionalC.delicateD.interactive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。deliberate“故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的”；A选项definite“一定的；确切的”；B选项intentional“故意的；蓄意的；策划的”；C选项delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D选项interactive“交互式的；相互作用的”。句意：有时，信息是通过故意的、有意识的手势来传达的；其他时候，我们的身体在不知不觉中说话。根据句中“without our even knowing在我们甚至不知晓的情况下”可知deliberate在这里的意思应为“故意的”，因此B选项正确。7. 不定项选择题Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing their own image in a mirror acts as a social stimulus. But does the dog recognize itself, or does the reflection simply signal a potential companion or threat? This question is of interest for a number of reasons. Apart from curiosity about the level of animals understanding, research on self-recognition in animal has several benefits. It provides some insight into the evolutionary significance of this skill of self-recognition and into the level and kinds of cognitive competence that the skill requires. Such research also indicates the kinds of learning experiences that determine the development of self-recognition. In addition, work with animals fosters the use of techniques that are not dependent on verbal responses and that may therefore be suitable for use with preverbal children.The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves. In a series of clever experiments, however, Gallup has shown that the chimpanzee does have this capacity. Gallup exposed chimpanzees in a small cage to a full-length mirror for ten consecutive days. It was observed that over this period of time the number of self-directed responses increased. These behaviors included grooming parts of the body while watching the results, guiding fingers in the mirror, and picking at teeth with the aid of the mirror. Describing one chimp, Gallup said, “Marge used the mirror to play with and inspect the bottom of her feet; she also looked at herself upside down in the mirror while suspended by her feet from the top of the cage; she was also observed to stuff celery leaves up her nose using the mirror for purposes of visually guiding the stems into each nostril.”Then the researchers devised a further test of self-recognition. The chimps were anesthetized and marks were placed over their eyebrows and behind their ears, areas the chimps could not directly observe. The mirror was temporarily removed from the cage, and baseline data regarding their attempts to touch these areas were recorded. The data clearly suggest that chimps do recognize themselves, or are self-aware, for their attempts to touch the marks increased