2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及模拟押密卷94（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessary to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the national Institute on Aging. “Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. D.“The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. "Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”1. People who are cognitively healthy are those .2. According to Fozard, people can make their brains work more efficiently by .3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work .4. Older people are generally advised to .5. The passage is mainly about .问题1选项A.who can remember large amounts of informationB.who are highly intelligentC.whose minds are alert and receptiveD.who are good at recognizing different things问题2选项A.constantly doing memory workB.taking part in various mental activitiesC.going through specific trainingD.making frequent adjustments问题3选项A.remain to be further provedB.have been challenged by many other expertsC.have been generally acceptedD.are practiced by the researchers themselves问题4选项A.keep fit by going in for physical activitiesB.keep mentally active by challenging their brainsC.maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD.maintain a balance between individual and group activities问题5选项A.how biochemical changes occur in human brainB.why people should keep active both physically and mentallyC.how intellectual activities influence healthD.why people should receive special mental training as they age【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到当人们动脑筋的时候大脑会发生变化，使其在注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用（Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that will allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory），由此可知有善于动脑的人认知上更健康，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到了Fozard的观点，他认为普通人没有必要去做大量的记忆训练，只要让思维保持警觉就可以（Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain metal alertness），因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第三段最后一句话提到Fozard和其他人用不同的精神心理技能来挑战自己的大脑（Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they joy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work），因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第二句话He says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age可知选项A符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一二段提到研究人员证实当人们动脑筋时，会使得注意力和记忆等认知区域更有效地发挥作用；第三四段提到几位研究人员对这个观点的进一步说明，并且建议随着年纪增长，身体和精神都应该得到锻炼，因此选项B“为什么人们应该在身体和精神上都保持活跃”符合题意。2. 单选题We must effectively promote the _ of hunger because every day in Africa and in many areas in Asia children are dying of hunger.问题1选项A.awarenessB.pressureC.consciousnessD.relief【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。awareness “意识”，指人对某事物的认识；pressure “压力”；consciousness “意识”，指人的清醒程度；relief “减轻，救济”。句意：我们必须要提高对饥饿的认识，因为在非洲和亚洲许多地区每天都有孩子死于饥饿。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, and self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage ev