英语完形填空(精品)

3/13/2013 二轮专题 完形填空 陈梦圆 张雨亭 英语备考之完形填空英语完型填空是很多考生丢分的地方，往往只要读文章的时候意思没弄明白，或者产生主观想象，那么会导致一错再错。以往大家认为，只有把文章读明白了，几乎把每个句子、每个单词弄明白了，才能有把握做题。而事实上，完形填空是有一定技巧的。      英语完型的技巧比较多，但对大家而言并不一定全部适用，我这列出一些大家常用的方法，并针对这些方法给出一套简单的解题思想。一、完形填空题型特点1、阅读文章短，设空多为了测试学生的语言知识综合能力，控制试题短文长度及挖空密度是必要的。一般来说，短文的长度在250-300个单词左右。平均每两空间隔12个左右单词。2、考查重语境，轻语法从近10年的高考完形填空试题来看，完全考查语法知识的题几乎没有。百分之九十五的题都是四个选项的语法功能和结构相同，只有通过文章情节既语境才能做出正确作答。3、考查实词多，虚词少实词是指那些能够独立承当句子成分的词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等；虚词则是指连词、介词、冠词等。完形填空的选项设计百分之八十左右为实词。二、解题技巧1、快读全文，整体理解全文大意在不看选项的情况下，快速阅读整篇文章，了解全文大意。考生要认真理解重点句子的意思，了解文章背景，理清文章内容线索。在快速阅读过程中，不要急于动笔选答案，要一口气读到底。遇到不懂的地方跳过去，继续往下读，以求纵观上下文，获得对文章内容的整体理解，从而确定解题的基本思路，切忌看一空选一题。2、细读短文，选择答案，上下文联系，通篇考虑在通读全文，了解短文大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用逻辑思维进行比较、判断，选出既符合词义、句义，又上下文连贯，合乎情理的准确答案。往往有这种情况，一处空白，从单句来说，四个选项都符合该句的句型结构和语法要求，这就要求考生联系上下文，按着文章线索，找出文章中与选项有关的信息词，选出符合上下文语境需要的最佳选项。上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系是做好完形填空的关键。3、避开疑点，先易后难在做题时，应从易到难，先选出确定的、直接的、明确的答案。如遇到少数确实不会的题，切忌徘徊不前，这会严重影响大体速度。可以先跳过去继续往下做，很可能从下文中找到此题的有关暗示或信息。4、从句子分析和语篇分析两方面着手。对句子分析可解决大部分问题，主要是从固定搭配、词语辨析、语法要求等角度分析，这要求学生应有扎实的语法和词汇基础及良好的语感。语篇分析是对于和整个语篇或上下文相关的问题而言。从局部或句子的角度看多个答案都可选，但是从全文角度看却只能选一个。这种题就要求在整体把握的基础上对句子内部成份进行分析。一般地说，解答完形填空题因遵循以下四个步骤：(1)快速通读全文，抓主旨脉络，特别注意首尾句。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。快速通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路；抓住主线，才能使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来并在脑海中形成一个完整的图像。(2) 弄清主旨脉络以后，要逐句精读、逐句分析，用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识，根据文中语义、惯用搭配、文中前后逻辑以及常识进行客观推测，务必克服平时的思维定式。在选择答案的过程中，要先易后难；对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后再加以分析推敲。(3) 瞻前顾后，寻觅启示信息。启示信息有以下几个方面：首句提供的信息；通读全文获得的信息；已经补充完整句子提供的信息；后问提供的信息；平时积累的常识和背景知识提供的信息。对上述信息，要全面考虑，寻找启示，做出选择。(4)复读全文，力求从旁观者的角度清醒地重新审视文章，从整体角度核校答案，进一步加深对文章的理解。要根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性；也可以从语法、词义、惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。5、有些题不要钻牛角尖，用正常的思维去考虑，不要把问题搞得太复杂。6、选项填完后，一定要再读全文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否和谐一致、前后照应，上下文衔接。              总体而言，上述的方法都是大家平时累积的，但是很多同学记不住这么多窍门，现在给大家归纳总结一下完型填空答题的一个简单的思路：就是充分利用前后文的暗示词，只需注重介词、关联连词、转折词、称谓代词、指示代词、方位词、时间。这种将多种方法简化为具体词汇的思想，可以帮助大家在做题时，马上把精力放在提示点上，可以把整篇文章变的简单而且所填选项更加明确。2013高考英语二轮专题限时训练：完形填空（解析版）（一）When I was nine, my family and some friends took a trip. During the trip some members of the group felt 1 , so we stopped at a small stand (摊位). Everyone lined up to buy their food. 2 , after I finished eating, I was still a little hungry and wanted some 3 . Soon I was sure my parents wouldnt 4 me any candy. "I have to think of a plan," I thought. Then an old lady 5 to buy something she wanted, and would have to get back in line. I knew what I could do. So I rushed to her and volunteered my 6 . She 7 and gave me a $20 bill to get some chips.     When I reached the stand, I found 8 from our group was around. Then I spent the 9 $20 buying the candy. I thought 10 , "I have almost bought all the candy for the next century!" But then, I 11 I should explain to the old lady why I bought no chips and where the whole bill had gone. 12 , an idea occurred to me. So I shouted, "I was robbed!" Upon 13 this, the old lady rushed to me to see if I 14 any harm. However, my parents just stayed behind, without any 15 . With so much candy being found in my bag, they knew I was 16 ! When my daddy stared at me angrily, I knew I had to tell the 17 . As a result, I was blamed and had to apologize to the old lady for my 18 action. Later, I had to work during the whole summer holiday to 19 the old lady back that $20. From this 20 , I learned a lesson. I also promised that I would never do it again in the future.1A. hungryB. angry C. bored D. worried 2A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Though 3A. juice B. candy C. money D. chips 4A. buy B. lend C. leave D. show 5A. refused B. remembered     C. promised D. forgot 6A. opinion B. service C. dream D. decision 7A. argued B. agreed C. considered D. doubted 8A. nobody B. somebody    C. everybody D. anybody 9A. whole B. major C. certain D. actual 10A. fearfully B. regretfully   C. excitedly D. carefully11A. hoped B. realized     C. discovered D. understood12A. Gradually B. Immediately C. Suddenly D. Slowly 13A. watching B. telling C. finding D. hearing 14 A. made B. received C. meant D. accepted15A. words B. thoughts C. expressions D. actions 16A. explaining B. joking     C. lying D. stealing17A. condition B. truth C. situation D. case 18A. humorous B. generous C. dishonest D. dangerous 19A. offer B. afford C. pass D. pay 20A. experiment B. example C. punishment D. experience    【答案】1A2C3B4A5D6B7B8A9A10C11B12C13D14B15A16C17B18C19D20D【解析】本文讲述小时候跟随父母旅行，途中使用计谋骗了20美元买糖吃，父母亲知道后，罚我自己赚钱还给那个被骗的人。1形容词辨析。根据后面的buy their food可知答案应为C。2副词辨析。吃完后，仍然有点饿，可只是转折关系。3名词辨析。根据下一行的candy可知答案应为B