2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第16期

2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise lo few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane Universitys Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication, to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues lo the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.56. It is known from the first paragraph that _.57. What does “both those responses to tears” (Lines 6-7, Para, 1) refer to?58. “Counterproductive” (Lines 7, Para, 1) very probably means “_”.59. What does the author say about crying?60. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?问题1选项A.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB.crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC.crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleD.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed问题2选项A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B.The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.C.The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop the crying.D.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tear.问题3选项A.having no effect at allB.leading to tensionC.producing disastrous impactD.harmful to health问题4选项A.It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.B.It must have a role to play in mans survival.C.It is meant to get attention and assistance.D.It usually produces the desired effect.问题5选项A.Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.B.Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.C.Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.D.Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】56.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段可知”。根据第一段第二句Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed（眼泪，不管是悲伤、愤怒还是喜悦，通常都会使美国人感到不舒服和不好意思）可知A项“流泪会给美国人带来不愉快的感觉”正确；B项“哭泣往往会模仿人，甚至导致悲剧”，文章第一段没有提到哭泣会模仿人，而悲剧不是哭泣导致的，因此B项错误；C项“哭泣通常会赢得别人的同情”和D 项“当众流泪的人会受到责备”未提及，因此该题选A。57.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“第一段第7行讲到都对眼泪有反应指的是”。第一段第二行提到The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring.（流泪的人很可能会道歉，即使是在一场毁灭性的悲剧引发的情况下。哭泣的观察者可能会尽一切可能来结束情感的宣泄），由此可以推断从哭泣行为的研究来看，流泪者的对哭泣行为道歉和观察者对哭泣的阻止是不恰当的，因为疾病和哭泣以及眼泪的化学成分之间存在联系；由此可知C项“流泪者的道歉与观察者努力阻止哭泣”正确。A项“因悲伤而哭泣，因幸福而流泪”这不是both those responses to tears 所说的；B项“观察者的尴尬和不悦的情绪”，文中是指美国人会感到不舒服和尴尬，B项错误；D项“将疾病与哭泣联系起来并发现眼泪的化学成分”也不是both those responses to tears 所指代的；故该题选C。58.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“第一段第7行的Counterproductive是什么意思？”。根据第一段最后句中的both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.可知counterproductive的意思是表示不好的事情，故排除A项