直接引语变间接引语总结

直接引语（The Direct Speech）与间接引语（The Indirect Speech）引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为 直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语 在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、 时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词 that 引导。例如：She said, “I am very happy to help you.“She said that she was very happy to help you.2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词 whether 或 if 引导。 例如：He asked me, “Do you like playing football?“He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.注意：大多数情况下，if 和 whether 可以互换，但后有 or not,或在动词不定式前，或 放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用 whether。例如：She asked me whether he could do it or not.He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词 who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：My sister asked me, “How do you like the film?“My sister asked me how I liked the film.4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前 加 tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：The captain ordered, “Be quiet.“The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加 not。My teacher asked me, “Don't laugh.“My teacher asked me not to laugh.5. 一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.“They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如： this/that these/those, nowthen, todaythat day, yesterdaythe day before, last yearthe year before, agobefore, herethere 等。例如：He said, “I haven't seen her today.“He said that he hadn't seen her that day.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、 地点状语等。(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如： He asked Lucy, “Where did you go?“He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, “What do you want, Ann?“Tom asked Ann what she wanted. 直接引语（The Direct Speech）与间接引语（The Indirect Speech）的错误 在英语里，我们可以用两种方法转述人的话语。第一种是直接引语（The Direct Speech）；第二种是间接引语（The Indirect Speech），也可叫“The Reported Speech”）。 从直接引语转变为间接引语是一种表达行式的改变，不影响原意。例如： a. He said, “I am working now.“ b. He said that he was working then. a. She asked me, “Do you like to sing?“ b. She asked me if I liked to sing. a. “Go out!“ the man said to the boy. b. The man ordered the boy to go out. b, b, b 是间接引语，其形式和a, a, a 不同。 间接引语是种常见的句法，用得很多。正因为用得多，出错的机会也多。下面便是些例 子： He said that he would come tomorrow. 这里的副词“tomorrow”要变成“the next day”。理由是：间接引语里的时间副词或短 语， 一般上要把其中的时间向前推，如： tomorrow: the next day; today: that day; last night: the night before; now: then; ago: before that time 等。 I asked what is wrong with him. 这里的“is”要变成“was”。须知：主句“I asked”和分句 “what is wrong with him”的动词时态必须配合。既然主句的动词 “asked”是过去时态，分句的动词也要过去时 态“was”。此外，动词时态一般上也要推前，因此简单过去时态（Simple Past Tense）要变 成过去完成时态（Past Perfect Tense），如：went : had gone; left : had left. John told her don't do that again. 这里的“don't do”要变成“not to do”才对。理由是：祈使句变成间接引语时的形式是 不定式动词：“to + verb / not to + verb”，如：to come / not to come; to do / not to do. She asked me where was I going. 这里的“was I”词序不对， 要变成“I was”才是，因为间接疑问句（indirect question） 里的词序和叙述句一样，是正常词序，不是倒装法，如： He wanted to know who that girl was. John asked Helen if she was free. She asked me whether I could help her. 如果词序是倒装形式，就错了： *.who was that girl. *.if was she free. *.whether could I help her. 关于间接疑问句，还有一点必须注意的是，直接疑问句里的疑问词要照用， 如例的“who”。如果没有疑问词，就要借重连接词“ if”或“ whether”之助，如例和便是。 顺便提一提怎样把表示惊叹或愿望的直接引语转成间接引语。 11. He said, “Alas! I am undone.“ 12. “Bravo! You have done a good job, Mary,“ said the teacher. 13. “Good Heaven!' Tom cried, “I'll never lie again.“ 把 11-13，转变为 14-16 时， 可以用恰当的动词把深层的意思反映出来，甚至加些原文 没有的字眼，也无所谓： 14. He exclaimed that he was undone. 15. The teacher praised Mary, saying that she had done a good job. 16. Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again间接引语练习及分析间接引语练习及分析 （一）（一） 高考试题题选与分析高考试题题选与分析 11985 Can you tell me_?A. who is that gentleman B.thas gentleman is who C.who that gentleman D.whom is that gentleman 2.1986 Can you tell me _the railway station ?A. how I can get to B.how can I get to C. where I can get to D.where can I get to 3.1998 I asked my lawyer _say in court.A.what I should B.what should I C. how I should D. how should I 题析：这三题的答案分别是：C、A、A。这三题的选项部分（即间接引语部分）都是含有 疑问的意思，本来应是特殊疑问句形式，但当疑问句改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的 语序改为陈述句的语序。 归纳：（1）用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般都构成宾语从句。（2）特殊疑问句变间接引语，首先把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，去掉问号，然后用 原句的 wh疑问词引导。（3）陈述句由直接引语转换为间接引语，首先将陈述句转换为由不得 that 引导的宾语 从句。引语动词常用 say,tell 等。Eg.直接引语：“I enjoy playing chess”间接引语：she said that she enjoyed playing chess.（4）一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，首先将疑问句词序变为陈述句词序，去 掉问号，然后在句子前面加 whether 或 if。引语动词可用 ask , wonder,want to know,dont know ,be not sure , be puzzled 等，但不能用 say,tell。Eg.直接引语：“Are you feeling tired?”间接引语：The teacher asked me whether I was feeling tired . 4.1988 They want to know _do to help us .A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how can they 5.1991 No one can be sure _in a nullion years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like .C.man will look like what D.what look will man li