2019版高考英语大一轮优选（备、考、练）全国通用版课件：专题技能增分指导3

专题技能指导(三) 阅读理解之主旨大意题返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题阅读理解对文章的主旨大意的命题设计旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题在高考阅读理解中，针对文章主旨常见的命题形式如下：1 What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?2 The main idea/ The general idea is/ The main theme of this passage is_.3 What is mainly discussed in the text?4 The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _.5 What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the first paragraph?6 Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?7 Which of the following statements best summarized the passage?8 The passage mainly focuses on _.返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题考生在阅读短文时，要能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。1审读题干，看清楚设问的范围。如果是针对整篇文章的，就要把握全文。说明文、议论文、新闻报道等文章的主旨大意常常出现在文章的第一段；有时作者也在文章的最后一段对其观点进行归纳、升华，所以，重点阅读文章的首尾段十分关键。如果文章有标题，就应品味标题，因为它往往能高度概括作者真正要表达的意思。如人教版Book 4 Unit 4文章的标题是：Communication: No Problem? 作者用了一个问号，表明作者想要表达的意思是：If we do not pay enough attention to body language, we may have problems or difficulties when we are communicating with people from other cultures。返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题2对标题的概括往往需要用上在文章中反复出现的关键词，因此，找准了文章的关键信息词也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。3如果要概括某一段落的大意，那么清楚该段落的逻辑结构就能快速找出主题句：总分结构，主题句在段首；分总结构，主题句在段尾；分总分结构，主题句在中间；如果是对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题例如：The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. 返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.返回导航高考总复习 · 英语专题技能指导(一) 阅读理解之细节理解题35 What may be the best title for the text?A Sound and SilenceB What It Means to Be SilentC Silence to Native AmericansD Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold35 B 解析：标题归纳题 。本文主要介绍了沉默在不同文化和领域里的不同含义。沉默有时表示思考，有时表示无话可说。不同的文化里，人们对沉默有不同的理解。 这与B项(沉默的含义)是一致的。A项中sound文中根本没有提到；C项中to Native Americans 只是一个片面的信息，不足以概括文章的主题；D项的意思是“雄辩是银，沉默是金” ，虽强调了沉默的价值，但信息片面，“雄辩”与文章内容不符。制作者：状元桥适用对象：高中学生制作软件：Powerpoint2003、Photoshop cs3运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统