国际学术交流用语

General Introduction Conferences, either face-to-face meeting, or via internet or satellite, have become a popular means of mutual communication for mankind. They have played a significant role in the history of communication.Early in Europe, a small group of local people often gathered together to discuss certain issues. Later on, as some their issues concerned other countries. They began to attract more arid more foreign participants, which gave birth to international conferences. In 1962, to meet peoples need for more international conferences, International Congress & Convention Association ( ICCA ), one of the most influential societies in the world of international conferences, was established in Holland.So far, there are no universally agreed criteria for international conferences. We can conclude that international conferences should have at least the following three elements:(1) Fixed meetings(2) Held in each hosting country in turn(3) Having more than 50 participantsThe varieties of international conferences are as follows:MeetingConferenceSymposiumCongressForumSeminarWorkshopConference AnnouncementName of the MeetingEach conference has a formal name, for example, “American Academy of Medicine 25th Annual Meeting“. Besides, in the conference announcement or other documents, the short term for the formal name may be used. For example, the short term for the above conference name is “AAPM's 25th Annual Meeting“, For the first time you mention the name of the meeting, only the formal name can be used. Upon subsequent reference, write the short form.ThemeTheme of the meeting is the central idea that runs through the whole meeting.ObjectivesObjectives of the meeting are the targets to be achieved in the meeting.Topics of InterestTopics of interest refer to the focused areas of the conferenceDateThe announcement should include the starting and ending date of the conference. For example, you may state that the symposium is held from July 7 to 13, 2011.Location / VenueInternational conferences are usually held in places of extensive scientific, educational and academic activities, such as specialized centers of international exchanges and cooperation at universities or research institutes, often with available accommodations, telecommunication facilities, convenient transportation and beautiful scenery.Specially invited and plenary (keynote) speakersSpecially invited and plenary (keynote) speakers are the so-called “ VIPs“ , the important figures present at the conference, including but not limited to the members of academic committees, and leading figures in the fields. The information about these people is useful to all the participants for further communication.Requirements for AttendancesConference sponsors set restrictions on the participants of a conference. Conference announcement give specific requirements, such as membership, age and specialization, for the participants.Call for AbstractsAbstracts are formal summaries presenters prepare of their completed research work or work in progress. Abstracts are important tools for conference organizers since they choose conference proposals and presentations based on them. After academic committee has decided which participants to admit after an anonymous review of their abstracts, the program schedule should be prepared and distributed to all the participants.Conference sponsorGenerally speaking, the sponsor of a conference is the institution that initiates the conference. As a rule, the sponsor of a conference is a financial supporter for the conference.Conference OrganizerAn organizer of a conference is the one who actually organizes the conference. The organizer is usually entrusted by the sponsor to organize the conference.Organizing CommitteeFor a large-scale conference, the organizing committee is usually a rather large body that consists of the chairperson, vice-chairpersons, the secretary-general deputy secretary-generals, and other committee members. Each of them is in charge of a specific part of the organizing work and is responsible to the sponsors and organizers.Program ScheduleConference program schedule serves as a guide as well as a plan for the participants. It lists a series of activities to be done at a definite time and place. It helps participants fulfill their activities in accordance with the plan. Usually it contains the following information: time, date(s), activities, place, and people involved.RegistrationRegistration for the meeting must be made beforehand by sending Conference Registration Form and remittance of payment by mail, fax, email or internet.Accommodation (hotel, cost, reservation. number)Conference organizer provides a selection of hotels for the participantsParticipants can choose the hotels offered by them or find hotels themselves.Contact informationContact information, such as name (first and last), phone number, email address and website, should be included to provide participants wi