动词的时态上

动词的时态（上）A:一般现在时棗通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构 ：1）be动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。 有一顺口溜体现了它的用法： 我是am你是are ，is跟着他她它, 复数都用are 肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are(否) No,主语 + am /is/are not缩写形式: I'm = I am That's =That isWe're =We are What's= What is You're = You are Who's = Who isThey're =They are Where's =Where is He's =He is isn't=is notShe's =She is aren't=are not It's = It is 2）行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词 词尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数 ， 否定式:主语+助动词 don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't =does not注意：have的第三人称单数为has 用法： 1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 . eg.I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow. B:一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。 结构： 1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。 2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。 肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他 eg.John didn't live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 eg.Did you see him a moment ago? 简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didn't. 用法 ：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. eg.My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用. eg.He always went to work by bus last summer. 3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用. eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用. eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was. C:一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 结构： 助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will 肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will .(否)No,主语+shall/will+not 缩写形式: 'll =shall/willshan't= shall not won't = will not 用法: 1.表示将要发生的动 作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe China's population _ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某种必然的趋势 eg. Fish will die without water. 解析： 1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时. (1).表示主观意愿.打算等. eg. He's going to learn English next term. (2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况 eg. Look at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. D:现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。 结构： am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式 用法： 1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to science. 练习题： 1.Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center _ . a.once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a week 2.Be quiet! The baby _ (sleep) in the next room. 3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he _ (meet) her in her office tomorrow. 4.The bell for the class rang while they _ (play) on the playground. 5.Lucy said it _ (rain) later on. 思考题: 1.The Chinese people _(work) hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful. 2.He'll write to you as soon as he _ (arrive ) in Hainan. 3.The students of Class One _(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon. 4.The sky is black. It _ (rain), I'm afraid. 5.If it _(not snow)tomorrow,we'll go skating 6.Mr and Mrs Green_(travel)to the south of China next week,aren't they? 7.I_(not see)the film with you because I've seen it already. 8.He told us that he_(stay)here till the next week. 9.I_(lose)my pen this morning. I haven't found it yet.