高考英语语法精讲精练专题七简单句的基本句型
1语法专题七:简单句的基本句型语法专题七:简单句的基本句型基本句型一:主系表结构基本句型一:主系表结构本句型由“主语(主语(S S)+ +系动词(系动词(V V)+ +表语(表语(P P)”构成。 本句型的共同特点是:动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等 的表语。系动词除了 be 动词之外,还有: 1.表示感官的动词:feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound 等; 2.表示状态延续的动词:remain, stay, keep, continue 等; 3.表示转变、变化的动词:become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow 等。例如:You are beautiful. Tom is a student. The potatoes went bad. The weather remains fine. Leaves turn yellow. 基本句型二:主谓结构基本句型二:主谓结构本句型由“主语(主语(S S)+ +不及物动词(不及物动词(ViVi)”构成。 本句型的共同特点是:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,动词后面还可以跟 副词、介词短语和状语从句等。本句型常用来表示主语的动作。例如: Tom has arrived. The sun rises in the east. They travelled by air . She sat there alone. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.基本句型三:主谓宾结构基本句型三:主谓宾结构本句型由“主语(主语(S S)+ +及物动词(及物动词(VtVt)+ +宾语(宾语(O O)”构成。 本句型的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语, 即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整,这类动词叫做及物动词。作宾语的可以是:名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问 词+动词不定式、动词-ing 形式和从句。例如:He teaches English. I love you. I like to stay at home on Sundays. I dont know how to learn English. She stopped teaching English two years ago. She said that she would study hard.基本句型四:双宾语结构基本句型四:双宾语结构本句型由“主语(主语(S S)+ +及物动词(及物动词(VtVt)+ +间接宾语(间接宾语(IOIO)+ +直接宾语(直接宾语(DODO)”组成。2本句型的共同特点是:谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者, 另一个是动作的间接承受者。例如: He brings me cookies every day. She made me a big cake yesterday. 通常情况是间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;但若要把直接宾语放在前面而把间接宾语放在后面,则要借助于介词 to 或 for。例如:He brings cookies to me every day. She made a big cake for me yesterday. 用 to 侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。 用 for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有: 需借助于 to 的动词:bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write 等; 需借助于 for 的动词:buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare 等。 基本句型五:复合宾语结构基本句型五:复合宾语结构本句型由“主语(主语(S S)+ +及物动词(及物动词(VtVt)+ +宾语(宾语(O O)+ +宾语补足语(宾语补足语(OCOC)”构成。 本句型的共同特点是:谓语动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加一个补 充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。可以用做宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、 分词等。例如: They made Tom monitor. I heard him singing. He heard his name called. My mother asked me to clean my room. The teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的结构。即:“主 语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语” 。it 做形式宾语,通常和下列动词连用:consider, think, make, find, believe, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, suppose, take 等。例如: I find it very interesting to play chess. I think it best to get along well with others.