高中英语2024届高考语法考点讲解和练习（共12个）

高考英语语法考点讲解练习一、名词单复数【知识要点】英语中，名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词变复数形式时，遵循下列规则：1.一般情况下，在名词后添加后缀-s。2.以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在名词后添加后缀-es。3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先将-y变成-i，再加-es。4.部分以-f(e)结尾的名词，一般在词尾加后缀-s，但下面的几个名词在变复数时，要将-f(e)改为-ves。5.部分以-o结尾的名词，在名词后添加-es。如：6.其他几个特殊的名词复数变化情况：7.部分名词，单复数同形。8.由“-”连接几个词构成的名词，在变复数时遵循如下规则：有名词中心词的，复数后缀（-s/-es）加在名词中心词上。没有名词中心词的，复数后缀（-s/-es）加在词尾。【考题01】单句语法填空1.Several _ (student) are playing basketball on the playground.2.There are four _ (person) here, so we need four _ (ticket).3.They protect us from being attacked.They are _ (hero).4.Look！There are some _ (tomato) on the shelf.5.The wife of the thief picked up two _ (knife) made from _ (leaf) to fight again the _ (wolf) around her, and took their _ (life) at last.How brave she was.6.When youre making this painting, you need _ (brush) of different size.7.Mothers are taking care of their _ (child) who are playing games happily.8.The _ (fly) are so annoying! Lets kill them or at least drive them away.9.In summer, _ (mosquito) are so annoying that we cant have a good sleep.10.Those _ (handkerchief) feel silky.I like them so much.11._ (sheep) are eating there.12.There are so many _ (fish) in the river.Lets catch some to cook.The _ (fish) must be delicious.13.Nowadays, _ (cellphone) are popular.14.China is a nation made up of 56 _ (people).15.The _ (police) are looking into the case these days.16.There are two _ (blackboard) and _ (door) in the classroom.17.Oh, my god.Every student has more than 60 new _ (book)!18.The United States consists of 50 _ (state).19.Last night, many _ (tree) were pulled down by the strong wind.20.Can you tell us how many _ (province) are there in China?二、名词作定语【知识要点】一个名词修饰另一个名词充当定语时，作定语的名词的单复数形式要遵循以下三个原则（简称为：“名词作定语三原则”）：1、一个名词修饰另一个名词充当定语时，作定语的名词通常用单数形式。（简称为：“名词作定语，用单数”）如：a shoe factory a coffee cup2、man, woman修饰一个名词充当定语时，man, woman的单复数形式与被修饰的名词的单复数形式保持一致。（简称为：“man，woman，一致”）a man/ woman worker two men/ women workers3、sport修饰一个名词充当定语时，sport用复数形式。（简称为：“sport，复数”）the sports meeting补充：1、由“数量词-名词”构成的结构在修饰一个名词作定语时，其单复数形式遵循上述第一条原则。如：a two-year period （也可写成：a two-years period）2、sale作定语时，其单复数形式遵循上述第三条原则。如：a sales man【考题02】单句改错1.His teas glass fell off the desk and broke.2.Lets meet at the schools gate at 3 Oclock.3.The man workers are talking something there.4.Our sport meeting will be held next weekend.5.It took us a long time to get there.Its a three-hours journey.6.His job is to sell the woodcarvings in the sale department of the company.7.He once worked in a shoes factory.8.The news broadcast is going on.The men driver is listening carefully.9.A new powerful plant is being built to supply us more electricity.10.Our companys buildings are over there.三、名词所有格【知识要点】英语中有三种名词所有格。1、s所有格。适用于有生命词。如：Toms book the dogs leg指时间、地理名称（山脉、河流、岛屿等）、天体名称、度量衡、价值等名词，也可以使用s所有格。如：todays newspaper2、of所有格。适用于有生命词和无生命词。如：the leg of the desk the book of Tom the leg of the dog3、双重所有格。即：融合了上述两种所有格。如：a friend of my mothers (friends) a friend of mine【考题03】改正下列句子中出现的错误。1.The desk leg is broken.It need repairing.2.This is my brothers-in-law house.3.Tom of the book is missing.You can share yours with him.4.Yesterday, a friend of my father came to visit him.5.Give me a today newspaper, please.【答案】一、1.students 2.persons; tickets 3.heroes 4 tomatoes 5.knives; leaves; wolves; lives 6.brushes 7.children 8.flies 9.mosquitos/ mosquitoes10.handkerchiefs 11.Sheep 12.fish(es); fish 13.cellphones 14.peoples 15.police 16.blackboards; doors 17.books 18.states19.trees 20.provinces二、1.teas tea 2.schools school3.man men 4.sport sports5.hours hour/ hours 6.sale sales 7.shoes shoe 8.men man 9.powerful power panys company三、1.The desk leg The leg of the desk 2.brothers-in-law brother-in-laws3.Tom of the book Toms book/ The book of Tom4.my father fathers5.today todays四、冠词【知识要点】1、冠词分为三类：定冠词(the)，不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词（即：名词前不使用冠词）。2、不定冠词的用法： 不定冠词基本用法：表示某一类或某一类中的某一个，表示类指、泛指。如：He is a student. 表示“每一”，与every / per同义。He visited his parents a / every / per week.用于第一次提到的、对方不知道的名词前。A man is waiting for you. 后接表示姓名的专有名词，表示“像这样的人”。如：He wants to be a Lu Xun. 用于一些习惯用语、固定搭配中。如：at a loss, come to an end, all of a sudden, in a word, as a whole, have a knowledge of, have a population of, have a walk, take a rest, make a decision/plan, draw a conclusion, have a rest, have/take a look, have a history/population/knowledge of, a pair of, a number of, a lot of3、定冠词的用法： 定冠词基本用法：表示说话双方都知道的人或事物，或特指某（些）人或事物，表示确指、特指。Who is the boy there? He is Tom. 上文提到的或谈话双方都知道的对象。T