旅游及酒店业概论 讲义 ch01

_ Principles, Practices, Philosophies TOURISM TWELFTH EDITION Charles R. Goeldner J. R. Brent Ritchie © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved CHAPTER © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved Tourism in PerspectiveTourism in Perspective 1 © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand what tourism is and its many definitions. Learn the components of tourism and tourism management. Examine the various approaches to studying tourism. Appreciate how important this industry is to the economy of the world and of many countries. Know the benefits and costs of tourism. © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved DEFINITION OF TOURISM Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors. © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved UNWTO DEFINITION OF TOURISM Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Source: UNWTO © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved VISITOR A “visitor” is defined as those persons who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence but outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved (1) Tourists in international technical definitions. (2) Excursionists in international technical definitions. (3) Travelers whose trips are shorter than those that qualify for travel and tourism; e.g., under 50 miles (80 km) from home. (4) Students traveling between home and school only - other travel of students is within scope of travel and tourism. (5) All persons moving to a new place of residence including all one-way travelers, such as emigrants, immigrants, refugees, domestic migrants, and nomads. CLASSIFICATION OF TRAVELERS © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved THE TOURISM PHENOMENON: COMPONENTS OF TOURISM AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved DISCIPLINARY INPUTS TO THE TOURISM FIELD © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved Source: WTTC TRAVEL AND TOURISM - WORLDS LARGEST INDUSTRY In 2011 it is estimated to account for some: $5.9 trillion of Economic Activity 258.5 million jobs In 2021 it is estimated to account for: $11.9 trillion of Economic Activity 323.8 million jobs © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved TRAVEL AND TOURISM CAN GROW BY 4% PER YEAR Travel and Tourism will continue to expand faster than the economy as a whole and faster than comparable industries. By 2021 Travel & Tourism is expected to account for: $11.9 trillion 323.8 million employees Growth depends on enlightened government policy Source: WTTC © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved WORLDS TOP 5 TOURISM DESTINATIONS 2009 Source: UNWTO International Tourist Arrivals Rank, (million) % Change 2009 Country 2009 2009/08 1 France 74.2 -6.3 2 United States 54.9 -5.3 3 Spain 52.2 -8.7 4 China 50.9 -4.1 5 Italy 43.2 1.2 © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved WORLDS TOP 5 TOURISM DESTINATIONS 2010 Source: UNWTO International Tourist Arrivals Rank, (million) % Change 2010 Country 2010 2010/09 1 France 76.8 0.0 2 United States 59.7 8.7 n 3 China 55.7 9.4 4 Spain 52.7 1.0 5 Italy 43.6 0.9 © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved International Tourism Receipts Rank, (US$ billion) % Change 2009 Country 2009 2009/08 1 United States 93.9 -14.6 2 Spain 53.2 -9.0 3 France 49.4 -7.9 4 Italy 40.2 -7.2 5 China 39.7 -2.9 Source: UNWTO WORLDS TOP 5 TOURISM EARNERS 2009 © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved International Tourism Receipts Rank, (US$ billion) % Change 2010 Country 2010 2010/09 1 United States 103.5 9.9 2 Spain 52.5 -1.2 3 France 46.3 -6.2 4 China 45.8 15.5 5 Italy 38.7 -3.6 Source: UNWTO WORLDS TOP 5 TOURISM EARNERS 2010 © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved TOURISM: WHAT IT MEANS TO THE U.S. ECONOMY Travel spending in U.S. is projected to total $738.5 billion in 2010. Tourism is the nations third largest retail industry. Tourism is the nations largest service export. Over 7.4 million Americans employed