2015年职称英语考试理工类教材新增内容
2015年职称英语理工类新增文章旧文童罚增支童理工c翊舞解第九篇:三期pt Filled by Famine第 ： An Essential SdeniificPnic?*£补金巳文第五篇；The Magic of Soutd第五篇;ARover理工B画函里解第二十二篇：Snoiliikes第二 1 二篇：Rtdl-Worki Rubots补全提文笠九篇：Heat Is Killer第九篇：Liitening Stnkes理工工补全拒文筹十三篇：品腿Gmt第十三篇A琉Soaate Aiufraidt2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之 理工类阅读理解第二十二篇Real World RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today ' s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot' s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeteras it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object , the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot ' astions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.【词汇】envision v.想象，预想device n.装置accentuate v.强调，重读artificial intelligence n. 人工智能limb n.臂antennae n.天线incline v.倾斜pendulum n.钟摆ultrasonic adj. 超声的metallic adj. 金属的monotone n. 单调的humanoid adj. 像人的axle n. 轮轴rotate v. 旋转swivel n. 旋转teeter v. 摇晃gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪vertical n. 直立的【注释】1 To find its way in its surroundings.:为了在周围找到路2 the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path:机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。【练习】1 Another good title for this passage would beA Robots: Taking the Place of Humans.B Artificial Intelligence Programs.C Today s Robots and How They Function.D Modern-Day Sensors.2 Artificial intelligence isA the unnatural way in which robots move.B a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks.C sensors such as antennae and a gyroscope.D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.3 The last paragraph suggests that future robots will beA more humanlike in behavior and actions.B more like automatic machines.C better able to move on inclines.D better equipped with laser light sensors.4 The writer begins the passage by comparingA the shape of a human being with a box.B a modem robot with a fictional robot.C an imaginary machine with a human.D a computer program with artificial intelligence.5 The word humanoid meansA lacking human characteristics.B anything having the appearance of a humanoid.C being void or vacant.D having a human form or characteristics.【答案与题解】1 C 从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C 选项。2 D Artificial 是“人工”的意思， intelligence 是“智能”的意思。另外从文中得知， 机器人使用 artificial intelligence 能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动， 因此可知它是一种 类似人类智能的计算机程序。3 A 最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。4 B 文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B 选项。5 D 从 humanoid 的词根 human 可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。 另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征， 不管是外形上， 还是行为方式上参考译文：现实世界中的机器人当你想到机器人的时候， 你脑海中浮现的是不是一个有着大致人类轮廓的、 能够发挥像人类一样的功能， 并且能用夹杂着高音的单调音调回答你的问题的有光泽的金属装置？很多人想象中的机器人都是这个样子的， 但是，在现实世界中，机器人和人类长得一点都不像。 与之相反， 机器人通常是一个不会说话的盒子状机器， 能够代替人类高效率地完成一些重复性的或者危险的工作。 现在的机器人不仅仅是一台能够重复同一任务的自动工具， 而是具有不同程度的人工智能， 也就是说， 机器人内置了一个计算机程序， 能够指导机器人完成与人类智能有关的任务，比如推理、得出结论，以及从过去的经验中学习。机器人不具备人形的原因是， 如果机器人有两条腿的话， 保持平衡会很困难。 机器人的移动主要依靠轮轴结构旋转来实现。有的机器人甚至还能够通过接合点和发动机旋转和移动的臂。 机器人依靠多种内置的感觉器来帮助寻找路径。 连接在机器人底部的天线能够探测到机器人撞到的任何物体。 在斜坡上移动的时候， 如果机器人开始摇晃， 机器人内部的陀螺仪和钟摆仪就会探测到水平方向的变化。 机器人探测自己与其他物体的距离以及到达该物体的时间的方法是发射激光束和超声波， 通过反射的信号来判断这些信息。 这些探测器不断地向计算机提供信息， 计算机将这些信息进行分析， 从而纠正或调整机器人的进一步动作。 随着科技的进步，机器人也会在功能和人工智能程序等方面上取得发展。下一个问题是， 同机器人发展感情有关系的问题。 即使是现在， 也许有许多人对他们的宠物产生深厚的依恋，并以此代替朋友身子孩子。很少有人认为这种行为有违道德。但是复杂的机器人可能更有吸引力。 对于那些看上去老是和错误的人结婚的人来说， 一个机器人另一半可能非常有诱惑力。人工
