2012届高三英语一轮复习语法精讲：专题4动词和动词短语（北师大版）
专题四动词和动词短语一、动词英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time, didn't he?In order to make our city green, we must plant more trees.二、动词短语英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.In order to catch up with the advanced countries, we must keep learning. 动词在句中作谓语或谓语的一部分时，其形式要随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。高考对动词和动词词组的考查主要在以下几个方面。1对不及物动词的考查不及物动词本身意思完整，不需要跟宾语，也没有被动语态。You are supposed to arrive on time.We went to Canada to travel and my cousin acted as our guide.2对及物动词的考查及物动词本身意思不完整，后面需要接宾语。In our childhood, we were often reminded by parents to pay parents to study hard. Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?Oh, really! I haven't checked my mailbox yet.3对连系动词的考查连系动词虽有一定的词义，但不完全，不能独立充当谓语，必须和作表语的词(名词、形容词等)连用。Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health remains poor.Cotton feels soft while stone feels hard.4动词副词The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will immediately appear on the screen.注意：在“动词副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。You can take the magazine out of the reading room. 5动词介词动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语置于介词后面。 That fashion which differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.6动词副词介词这类动词短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词，其宾语置于介词之后。We must work hard to make up for lost time. You are walking too fast. I can't keep up with you.7动词名词这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义。He caught sight of an old friend when he was shopping.Take hold of the rope and you will climb up.8动词名词介词这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。Keep an eye on the baby while I am out. What the teacher says has great effect on the pupils.9be 形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)介词这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词的词义是短语动词的真正词义。I told him what I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study.It is good for elderly people to be involved in community service actively.高考真题探究（20062011年）【2011全国卷,34】William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage【答案】C【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】disappear消失，不复存在；fall降落，跌倒，降低；fail (指健康)衰退, 衰弱；damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”是个渐进的过程，故选C。【2011全国卷II,10】Mary, I_John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind of 就提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起；warn含有警告的意思。【2011天津卷,6】I a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后，我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。【2011江苏卷,28】Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.AdenyBrefuseCrejectDdecline【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你还生她的气吗？不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认，否定；refuse，reject，decline都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。【2011福建卷,28】Id prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等)， 推迟，留到以后，与后面的until相一致。【2011安徽卷,21】As the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“随着故事的展开，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”develop开发, 发展，把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,26】Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking.A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示, 指引，导演（戏剧或电影）；指挥（管弦乐队）；limit限制；change改变；improve改进，改善。根据句中but的转折，选B。【2011湖北卷,27】The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说：我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”根据句意选A。【2011湖北卷,28】Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“不断增加的临床证据表明：比起原先从动物实验中所得到的预计，这些新药具有更加广泛有用性。”operate手术，操作；strenghten加强；approve赞成；
