中考英语一轮复习语法培优笔记Chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记（含解析）
chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记·模块一 名词的分类·模块二 名词的单复数·模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组·模块四 中考常见不可数名词·模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组·模块六 名词的所有格·模块七 名词的性·模块八 冠词的分类·模块九 不定冠词的用法·模块十 定冠词的用法·模块十一 零冠词的用法·模块十二 2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练模块一名词的分类名词A. 专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有的名词如：Alfred Nobel, Africa, FebruaryB. 普通名词a 可数名词可以用数字计数的名词，如boy，chairb 不可数名词1)物质名词：如fire, wood, air, water2)抽象名词：如information,advice,courage模块二名词的单复数1. 单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式：构成方法例词一般在词尾加-shorsehorses milemiles以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的词加-esboxboxes glassglasses brushbrushes以o结尾的词加-s或-es有生命加-esheroheroespotato- potatoesNegroNegroes无生命加-sphotophotospiano-pianoszoo-zoos特例mottomottos/mottoes, *kangaroo-kangaroos,volcano- volcanoes以-y结尾的词以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i, 加-esbatterybatteries countrycountries以元音字母加-y结尾的词直接加-s monkeymonkeys daydays以-f或-fe结尾的词f, fe变为v再加-eswolfwolves wifewives个别词直接加-sroofroofs beliefbeliefsscarf- scarves /scarfs2. 特殊变化有下列情况:manmenmediummediaRomanRomanschildchildrenwomanwomenmousemicebusinesswomanbusinesswomenoxoxengoosegeesefootfeetGermanGermanstoothteethØ There are many men doctors in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.（妇产科）Attentionman/woman男人、女人双变原则a man nursesome men nursesa woman doctorwomen doctorsboyfriendsmaidservantswomen servantslady drivers3. 单复数同形的情况：sheep-sheepChinese-Chinesemeans-meansspecies-speciescraft及由-craft（spacecraft，aircraft）构成的名词deer-deerJapanese-JapaneseSwiss-Swissseries-seriesThe only means to achieve success is to appeal to law（诉诸法律）. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.4. 单复数特别用法：a. word 的特别用法：word不可数名词新闻、消息、承诺可数名词词、话语小试身手1) Word has it that she is leaving. (word has it that 是惯用语用法，表示有消息说，eg. Legend has it that 有传说说 【学生版不出现】)有消息传来2) Please send me word of your safe arrival.通知我3) They asked him to leave, in other words, he was fired.换句话来说4) He likes to spread the word about the importance of healthy eating.宣传习惯用语keep/break ones word履行诺言/ 食言in other words换句话说leave word留言eat ones words承认错误（收回某人的话）a man of his word信守诺言的人the last words遗言word for/by word逐字逐句地waste ones words白费口舌in a word总之have a few words/ a word with sb与某人谈谈5. 单复数用法的其他特殊情况：Ø 比较：CDs (CDs) Some VIPs (some VIPs) In the 1990s (1990s)6. 一“S” 之差，谬以千里paper纸papers考卷good好的goods货物letter信件letters文学（作品）look看looks外表glass杯子glasses眼镜green绿色greens绿叶蔬菜custom风俗customs海关time时间times时代sand沙sands沙滩iron铁irons脚镣drink喝drinks饮品force武力forces军队spirit精神spirits精力/态度work工作works工厂/作品7. 固定词组用复数in high spiritsas followstake turnshurt ones feelingsin rags兴致高昂如下轮流伤害感情衣衫褴褛模块三修饰可数名词的词和词组请翻译下列词组：一群人a group /crowd of people一两天a couple of days一些亲戚(a) few relatives几台电脑some computers大量的乘客a large number of passengers很多记者a lot of/lots of reporters很多地方many places顶尖学生中的一个one of the top students数以百年hundreds of years数以千年thousands of years数以万年tens of thousands of years两千年two thousand years一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀a pair of glasses/shoes/trousers/scissors模块四中考常见不可数名词忠告advice天气weather麻烦trouble黄油butter空气air乐趣fun玻璃Glass损坏damage草grass作业Homework家务活housework钱money信息information冰ice纸paper知识knowledge新闻news交通traffic真题试炼1. 选择1) In ancient _C_ people had to do heavy labour because at that_there were no modern machines.A. time, time B. times, timesC. times, time D. time, times2) The students dont find much _B_about the topic on that website .A. report B. informationC. article D. story3) Would you like a pudding? Go and bring me a little _A_ and I will make one for you.A. bowlB. applesC. chalkD. shampoo2. 填空1) A lecture on biology was made by a _Japanese_ professor yesterday morning. (Japan)2) We took many _photos_when we travelled in Xinjiang last summer. (photo)3) This is the first year to learn the new subject- _chemistry_. (chemical)4) The _owner_ of the shop is on holiday with his family. (own)5) After 30 years, his twin brothers sudden _arrival_ brought him a great surprise. (arrive)模块五修饰不可数名词的词和词组铁的原则：不可数名词与(可数)量词连用=可数（对量词的数变化）请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组：一件衣服/家具an article/piece of clothing/furniture两块巧克力/肥皂two bars of chocolate/soap一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒a bottle of ink/milk/wine一点食物(a) little food一些工作/建议some work/advice很多新闻a lot of/lots of news大量信息huge amounts of informationAttention“万能搭”a piece of：advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/cl
