外研社标准必修四复习

Module 1Wordsacross ancient architect boot continental face gallery France French Athens Greece Greek Rome Italy Italian landmark Lisbon Portugal Portuguese mountain range sculpture Madrid Spain Spanish (加单词表里的词加单词表里的词)Phrases on/in/to the south of (接壤接壤/在内部在内部/强调方向强调方向)on/off the coast of 在海岸线上在海岸线上/远离海岸的远离海岸的across the Channel 横穿海峡横穿海峡/在海峡的另一面在海峡的另一面 be situated/located +地点地点 位于位于one of the most beautiful cities(名词复数名词复数)the symbol of 的标志的标志 the second largest city of Spainwork on 从事于从事于 of all time 有史以来有史以来be known as/for/to 作为作为/由于由于/为为所熟知所熟知ever since 自从自从一直一直 in terms of 就就来说，据来说，据the head of state 国家元首国家元首 on the other hand 另一方面另一方面little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地一点一点地，逐渐地 Grammar:1. 现在和过去时态的被动语态现在和过去时态的被动语态Eg: About a million tourists visit Florence each year.Florence is visited by a million tourists each year.2. 主谓一致主谓一致1） 集合名词集合名词有有 family, team, class 等词。等词。指个体或成员时，谓语用复数；指整体时，谓语用单数。指个体或成员时，谓语用复数；指整体时，谓语用单数。2） 代词代词either 只能指两者中的一个；只能指两者中的一个；each 指两者或两者以上中的任指两者或两者以上中的任一个；一个； every 指三者以上中的每一个。指三者以上中的每一个。Eg: There are trees on _ side of the street.可填可填 either / eachThere are trees on both sides of the street.There are trees on _ side of the square.只能填只能填 everyThere are trees on all sides of the square.3) 特殊结构特殊结构Neither nor (谓语选择根据就近原则谓语选择根据就近原则)Neither of （谓语用单数）（谓语用单数）None of (如如 of 后的名词是复数可数名词，谓语可单可复；后的名词是复数可数名词，谓语可单可复；如名词是不可数名词，谓语只能用单数如名词是不可数名词，谓语只能用单数)Module 2Wordsattractive climate construction developed country dirty education developing country fascinating freeway goal huge human development report hunger income industrial vast inhabitants measure polluted pollution population poverty reduce similarity tourism transport unfortunate Oceania medium-sized town twinning(加单词表里的词加单词表里的词)Phrasesat the top of at the bottom of make efforts be connected withbe close to up to life expectancy in the middle of increase by/to (增加了增加了/增加到增加到) Sentence patternsWater is now mostly safe to drink.作比较的句型：作比较的句型：much/little 修饰不可数名词；修饰不可数名词；many/few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词more/fewer/less 分别是分别是 many, much/few /little 的比较级的比较级Eg: Beijing has a lot more inhabitants than Sydney and is much more crowded.Grammar1）表转折意思的词有：）表转折意思的词有： but/however/whilebut 是并列连词，连接并列分句或并列的句子成分；是并列连词，连接并列分句或并列的句子成分； however 是个是个副词，需用逗号将其同其他部分隔开，和副词，需用逗号将其同其他部分隔开，和 but 意思相同；意思相同； while 是是个并列连词，翻译为个并列连词，翻译为“而而” ，常表示前后的对比。，常表示前后的对比。2）表让步意思的连词：）表让步意思的连词：although 引导让步状语从句，翻译为引导让步状语从句，翻译为“虽然，虽然，尽管尽管” ，不能和，不能和 but 连用，但是可以和连用，但是可以和 yet, still 连用。连用。Module 3Wordsash bury current disaster erupt feather flow fur lava latitude occur tidal wave tornado tropical volcano(加单词表里的词加单词表里的词)Phaseson the same latitude a column of air pick up (卷起卷起/捡起捡起/收听收听/习习得得/接人接人) take off (脱下脱下) on average end up (以以结束结束)set fire to sth=set sth on fire(使使着火着火) catch fire（着火）（着火） manage to do（设法做到（设法做到） put out(扑灭扑灭) take place(发生发生) a total of (总共总共) in total(总共总共) Sentence patternsA tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.Grammar1.过去完成时的被动语态（过去完成时的被动语态（ppp）判定原则是判定原则是“过去的过去过去的过去” 。标志性词有标志性词有 by the end of +过去的时间点过去的时间点2间接引语间接引语1） 时态的变化时态的变化引语的句子的时态要根据主句的时态往前推一个时态。引语的句子的时态要根据主句的时态往前推一个时态。如直接引语句子描述客观真理，则间接引语的句子时态不变。如直接引语句子描述客观真理，则间接引语的句子时态不变。2) 地点、时间和代词的变化地点、时间和代词的变化come-go here-there last week-the week before in the last twenty years- in the previous twenty years3) 语序变化（陈述句语序）语序变化（陈述句语序） Module 4Wordsatmosphere blow carbon dioxide chemical citizen coastal concerned cycle damage dig dust earthquake environment expert forecast frightening garbage last major melt pollution process recycle sandstorm sign situation survive the Poles urgent (加单词表里的词加单词表里的词)Phrasescut down be caught in one after another have a bad effect on take in give out in a nutshell look through a mass campaign Inner Mongolia wake up to(意识到意识到)Sentence patterns表达强烈的观点的句型：表达强烈的观点的句型：I couldnt agree with you more.I think you are absolutely right.Its extremely serious.I have no idea.It couldnt be worse.Its absolutely hopeless.Grammar1. 不定式不定式to do 一般式一般式 to be done （发生在主句动词后或同时发生）（发生在主句动词后或同时发生）to be doing 现在式现在式 （主句动词发生时该动作正在发生）（主句动词发生时该动作正在发生）to have done 完成式完成式 to have been done （发在在主句动词之前）（发在在主句动词之前）2. but 的特殊结构的特殊结构but doI cant help but doI cant but do I cant choose but do can do nothing but + 动词原形动词原形have no choice but to doModule 5Wordsa sense of responsibility afford bark belief chemist contribution duty equal found honesty spread justice kindness leaf leather look after material monk order philosopher philosophy principle print printing respect ruler spread teachings thinker war stress(加单词表里的词加