2024年考研英语一真题及答案

2024 考研英语（一）真题及答案考研英语（一）真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Theres nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you.1the need to be touched toopen or close,automatic doors are essential in2disabled access to buildings and helpingprovide general3to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented sixyears4by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They5as a novelty feature,but astheir use has grown,their6have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particulary7in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors8crowdmanagement by reducing the obstacles put in people s way.9making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way manyof these doors open helps reduce the total area10by them.Automatic doors often open to theside,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these11smallerbuildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to12the way for a large,sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each13specificsignals to tell them when to open.14these methods differ,the main15remain the same.Each automatic door system16the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinity as asignal to open.Sensor types are chosen to17the different environments they are neededin.18,a busy street migle not19a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly beopening for passers-by.Apressure sensitive mat would be more20to limit the surveyed area.1.A.ThroughB.DespiteC.BesidesD.Without2.A.revealingB.demandingC.improvingD.tracing3.A.experienceB.convenienceC.guidanceD.reference4.A.previouslyB.temporarilyC.successivelyD.eventually5.A.held onB.started outC.settled downD.went by6.A.relationsB.volumesC.benefitsD.sources7.A.usefulB.simpleC.flexibleD.stable8.A.call forB.yield toC.insist onD.act as9.A.As well asB.In terms ofC.Thanks toD.Rather than10.A.connectedB.sharedC.representedD.occupied11.A.allowB.expectC.requireD.direct12.A.adoptB.leadC.clearD.change13.A.adapting toB.deriving fromC.relying onD.pointing at14.A.OnceB.SinceC.UnlessD.Although15.A.recordsB.positionsC.principlesD.reasons16.A.controlsB.analysesC.producesD.mixes17.A.decorateB.compareC.protectD.complement18.A.In conclusionB.By contrastC.For exampleD.Above all19.A.identifyB.suitC.secureD.include20.A.appropriateB.obviousC.impressiveD.delicateSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind acurious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawalwas rushed,and they didnt want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons ofweapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered foralmost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmiths labour in a nail even more than theraw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist DanielSichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails wasdriven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufactures whosimply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haventchanged much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sportscars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price ofsports cars since 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects:their price.Iam an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing Ivelearnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,its thecheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writingbut by changing its cost-and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price ofsurfaces to write on,thanks to an often-ove