高中英语完形填空整体分析与答题技巧

  1 常见体裁（一）记叙文情节性1、特点：故事性、情节性、理解较容易。2、明确六个要素：时间、地点、人物、故事的发生、发展和结局。3、核心：故事的展开。4、做题：明确事件内容、理清故事发展线索。（二）说明文条理性了解主题明确条理是关键。认知过程从段落、分层次、分要点等逐步展开。（三）议论文逻辑性了解观点（论点）和论据（道理）。阐述观点，自圆其说（正反双方），环环相扣，表达严谨。（四）常见题材社会生活、人物传记、科技文化、历史地理、政治经济。因此考生平时要广闻博览、针对性阅读，丰富阅读面。 题目设计特点（一）首句不设空（二）上下文逻辑关系完形填空不仅考察词汇、搭配、语法等独立知识，而且还考察它们不同语境下构成的相应意义。做完形填空试题时必须首先明确上下文的的逻辑关系和意义。1、因果：as a result, consequently, thus, therefore,for this reason, for that reason, because of, on account of, so that, due to,owing to2、列举：for instance, for example, that is , namely,specifically, one example is , such as3、递进：not onlybut also,. as well as, moreover,besides, and, neithernor, bothand4、比较：compare with / to, like, in the same way,similarly, unlike, as well as, by contrast5、对比：although, while, but, but at the same time,despite, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, regardless, still, though,yet6、转折：but, however, on the other hand, nevertheless,whereas, whereas, while, yet, still, although, even though,in spite of7、强调：indeed, certainly, above all, in addition, in fact, after all, especially, (in) particular (ly), it is true, of course8、条件：if, in case, suppose, provided that, as long as9、时间：after that, from now  on, next, from then on, first, then, secondly, finally, former, previous, meantime, since,since then, after a while, soon, as soon as, before, earlier, until,immediately, in the past, lately, now , shortly, so far, when10、空间：over, above, inside, outside, beside, across,between, before, below, close to, in front of, in the center of, nearby,near to, on top of, on the other side, opposite to, to the east,to the left11、顺序：again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, further more, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too12、总结：in short, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in other words, in summary, on the whole（三）语义干扰设置语义干扰可以在有限篇幅尽可能地多考察知识点、语言点，全面考查语言功底和语言运用能力。1.词义相近例1：Then we wouldnt need to go to class. Professors should15repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “Once weve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on, not repeated.”A refuse          B prohibit C prevent        D avoid例2：Friendship appears to be  a unique form of human bonding.Unlike marriage or the ties that bind parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by8.A  discipline        B law C rule                 D regulation2.词性相同We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to89in a difficult language.A telling       B uttering C saying    D speaking3.词形相近Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be easily connected to loss of international74.A  competitiveness         B comprehension C community                 D commitment4.语法结构but a bird has a single alarm cry,75means“danger!”A this          B that        C which      D it（四）语法知识常考语法项目有：1、名次单复数；2、动词的时态和语态；3、形容词和副词的一般级、比较级和最高级；4、分词结构和不定式；5、定语从句；6、宾语从句；7、虚拟语气；8、倒装结构。（五）习惯用法与固定搭配Students can learn the right answers82heart in class,and yet never combined them   83   their working models of the world.A  to             B by C  in             D) with（六）词汇辨析Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the performance between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the position  every time she leaned over to talk to him. Why do Americans display such75in a public place ?A  attraction       B attention C  affection        D  motion 解题策略与应试技巧（一）通读全文：完形填空离不开文章，解题离不开上下文。通读，了解文章大意，才能做到有的放矢。（二）重视首句：文章第一句话很重要，有指导性作用，理解中心思想。（三）分析文章结构及展开方式：体裁分析。记叙文要把握故事发展脉络；说明文要搞清文章范畴；议论文明确论点理顺论证方式。（四）分析文章时态：时态提供了有效的背景信息，对选择正确答案有提示作用。Since we4all morning and were now feeling very tired, it's  a pleasure to sit down.A  shopped B  had been shopping C  were shopping D  have been shopping18the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.A  By         B  During C  In          D Towards（五）寻找信息词：一种反复出现的信息词是提示文章中心内容的关键词。另一种则在一句或一段话中有暗示作用。No one, least 4 all management, wants to listen to hysterical roar （歇斯底里的咆哮）.A  over            B on C  of                D towards（六）借助语法知识：1.名词单复数arm-arms; glass-glasses; time-times;paper-papers;fruit-fruits; food-foods; silk-silks; fish-fishes.2.形容词和副词的一般级、比较级和最高级（1）同级：as/soas; not so as；not asas（2）比较：twice,four times, ten times等 与asas结构a bit, a little, slightly, a great deal, a lot, many,much=不定量；far, completely, still=程度进一步（3）最高：one ofof/ among all +三者以上名词/代词3.动词的时态和语态全文时态、上下文关系以及时间状语很重要。4.分词结构和动词不定式现在分词和过去分词：主动和被动；现在和完成, 作状语。表示时间、原因、条件、伴随；也可作定语修饰名词；注意分词和逻辑主语搭配。The more significant the task is , the more careful the planning4.A  making         B  prepared C required        D  looks5.定语从句（1）关系代词和关系副词