2021上海考研英语一真题及答案

2021上海考研英语一真题及答案Section Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It l in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be. One study found that muscle 1oss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline. The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.16 there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods. 1. A pauses B return C peaks D fades2. A alternatively B formally C accidentally D generally 3. A while B since C once D until 4. A detection B accumulation C consumption D separation 5. A possibility B decision C goal D requirement 6. A delay B ensure C seek D utilize 7. A modified B supported C included D predicted 8. A devoted B compared C converted D applied 9. A with B above C by D against 10. A lived B managed C scored D played 11. A ran out B set off C drew in D went by 12. A superior B attributable C parallel D resistant 13. A restored B isolated C involved D controlled 14. A alter B spread C remove D explain 15. A compensations B symptoms C demands D treatments 16. A Likewise B Meanwhile C Therefore D Instead 17. A change B watch C count D take 18. A well-being B process C formation D coordination 19. A level B love C knowledge D space 20. A design B routine C diet D prescription1. 【答案】C peaks 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句间逻辑关系。文章首段首句为主题句，谈到一个概念：流体 智力（fluid intelligence），是一种智力类型，它与短期记忆和快速、逻辑和抽象地思考以解 决新问题的能力有关。想要解决空格处需要分析整句话的逻辑关系。前文提到青年人，后文 提到这种流体智力智力随着年龄增长会慢慢下降，所以根据时间发展的关系，前面提到这种 智力在青年时达到峰值（peaks），并且会停留一段时间，随后随着年龄的增长会逐渐下降。 正确答案为 peaks。pauses 暂停；return 恢复，返回；fades 逐渐消退。 2. 【答案】D generally 【解析】此处考察词汇辨析。根据上一道题目的具体分析，不难得出空格处应该是对这种普 遍现象得修饰，we age 体现我们大所数人，所以应该选择 D generally。alternatively 要不然， 或者（二者择其一）； formally 正式地，正规地；accidentally 偶然地。 3. 【答案】A while 【解析】此处考察句内逻辑关系。空格处所在句子是以转折词 But 开始，但考察句内之间的意思转折：但是， 3 年纪增长不可避免，科学家发现某些大脑功能不会发生变化。年纪 增长和科学家的发现是对立的观点，所以应该选择 while，尽管。since 因为；当.时；once 一旦；until 直到。 4. 【答案】C consumption 【解析】 此处考察词义辨析+句内逻辑关系。并列连词 and 将空格处与前文 muscle loss 并 列，行车前后近义词的关系，那么空格处要选择一个与肌肉消失表达意思相近的词。所给选 项中只有 C 选项 consumption 意思是消耗的意思，带入原文符合句意。detection 侦查，勘察； accumulation 积累，积攒，增加；separation 分开，分离。 5. 【答案】A possibility 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。suggest 一词是解题的关键，这个单词用在上海考研英语的文章中 大部分都是暗示的意思，that 引导的同位语从句中句子的谓语动词前还有情态动词 may 表推 测，这都是在说明一种不太确定的可能性，所以选择 possibility。decision 决定；goal 目标； requirement 要求。 6. 【答案】A delay 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句内逻辑关系。并列连词 or 将空格处和前文 prevent 构成近义 词的关系，delay 延迟和 prevent 阻止是相近句意表达。ensure 确保；seek 寻求，请求；utilize 利用，使用； 7. 【答案】C included 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。根据题干和选项特点不难看出句中 that 引导的是一个定语从句， 从句列举了 data 的具体分类和实验人群，所以定语从句是在具体说明 data 的内容，要选择 included 包含，包括。modified 改变；supported 支持；predicted 预测。 8. 【答案】B compared 【解析】此处考察动词短语词义搭配和辨析+上下文语境。空格处表 devote to 把.专用于， 完全用于；compare A to B 将 A 和 B 进行比较；convert A to B 将 A 转变成 B；apply A to B 将 A 应用于 B。空格处所在句意为将那些数据和已知报道进行.。后文和下文都是在进行 不同情况的比较来得出答案，所以应该选择 compare。 9. 【答案】A with 【解析】此处考察介词的用法。这个介词里只有 with 能体现的是某种状态：有着较高腹部 脂肪检测结果的中年人. 10. 【答案】C scored 【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格处所在句子表达：有着较高腹部脂肪单位的 中年人在流体智力检测时得分不高，测量智力是会得出具体分数的，就像我们平时说的智力 测试。lived 生存，活着；managed 完成；scored 得分；played 表现。 11. 【答案】D went by 【解析】此处考察动词短语辨析。.as the years went by. 随着时间的流逝，也算是固定的搭 配。ran out 耗尽，放弃；set off 出发，动身，启程；