拉丁美洲经济委员会-拉丁美洲数字贸易监管环境（英）-2022.12-50正式版

The Latin American regulatory environment for digital trade Sofa Loria ObandoNanno MulderJanos FerenczThank you for your interest inthis ECLAC publicationPlease register if you would like to receive information on our editorialproducts and activities.When you register,you may specify your particularareas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other Documents The Latin American regulatory environment for digital trade Sofa Loria Obando Nanno Mulder Janos Ferencz This document was prepared by Sofia Loria Obando,a consultant with the International Trade and Integration Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC),Nanno Mulder,Chief of the International Trade Unit in the same division,and Janos Ferencz,Trade Policy Analyst in the Trade and Agriculture Directorate of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD),as part of the activities of the CORPYME project between ECLAC and the Government of the Republic of Korea.Thanks are owed to Francesca Spinelli of OECD for her comments,Irene Olivn Garcia and Frdric Gonzales of OECD for their contributions,and Karla Sofa Roca for the preparation of the indices for the regulatory environment for digital trade in Argentina,Ecuador,Paraguay and Uruguay.The authors also wish to thank Marlon Saborio Delgado,digital transformation expert,for his valuable contributions and insight on digital matters,as well the governments of Latin American and Caribbean countries for their feedback on the assessments.The views expressed in this document,which has been reproduced without formal editing,are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization or the countries they represent.United Nations publication LC/TS.2022/176 Distribution:L Copyright United Nations,2022 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations,Santiago S.22-00766 This publication should be cited as:S.Loria Obando,N Mulder and J.Ferencz,“The Latin American regulatory environment for digital trade”,Project Documents,(LC.TS.2022/176),Santiago,Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC),2022.Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean(ECLAC),Documents and Publications Division,publicaciones.cepalun.org.Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization,but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction.ECLAC The Latin American regulatory environment for digital trade 3 Contents Abstract.7 Introduction.9 I.Regulatory environment affecting digital trade in Latin America.11 A.Diagnostic tools to assess regulatory environments.11 B.Regulatory comparison of the rules governing digitally enabled services trade.13 1.Overview.14 2.Specific policy areas.16 3.Other dimensions.27 II.Conclusions and recommendations.37 A.Harmonization of the regulatory digital environment in Latin America.38 B.Implementation of trade facilitation measures.38 C.Regulatory cooperation across the Latin American region.39 Bibliography.41 Annexes.43 Annex 1 .44 Annex 2 .46 ECLAC The Latin American regulatory environment for digital trade 4 Figures Figure 1 World(selected countries):digital services trade restrictiveness index,2019.14 Figure 2 Latin America(selected countries):digital services trade restrictiveness index,2019.15 Figure 3 Latin America(selected countries):DGSTRI,infrastructure and connectivity for selected countries,2019.16 Figure 4 Latin America(selected countries):DGSTR,electronic transactions for selected countries,2019.21 Figure 5 Latin America(selected countries):DGSTRI,other barriers for selected countries,2019.24 Figure 6 World(selected countries):computer services trade restrictiveness index,2019.29 Figure 7 Latin America(selected countries):computer services trade restrictiveness index,2019.30 Boxes Box 1 OECD countries with the least restrictions on digital services trade.14 Box 2 Cross-border data flows in Australia.20 ECLAC The Latin American regulatory environment for digital trade 5 Acronyms and abbreviations CSSTRI Computer Services Trade Restrictiveness Index DGSTRI Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ERP Enterprise Resource Planning EU European Union FTA Free Trade Agreement ICPEN International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network IPR Intellectual Property Rights ITID International Trade and Integration Division MERCOSUR Southern Common Market MSME Micro,Small,and Medium Enterprise OAS Organization of American States OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development RACSA Radiogrfica Costarricense Sociedad Annima SME Small and Medium Enterprises SMP Significant Market Power STRI Services Trade Restrictiveness Index TRIPS Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights UN United Nations UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on Interna