促进城市可变可再生能源整合的部门耦合（英）-2021.10-80页

SECTOR COUPLINGIN FACILITATING INTEGRATIONOF VARIABLE RENEWABLEENERGY IN CITIESSupported by 2© IRENA 2021Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printedand/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyrightholder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use andrestrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of suchmaterial.ISBN: 978-92-9260-334-2IRENA (2021), Sector coupling in facilitating integration of variable renewable energy in cities, InternationalRenewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.About IRENAThe International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) serves as the principal platformfor international co-operation, a centre of excellence, a repository of policy, technology,resource and nancial knowledge, and a driver of action on the ground to advance thetransformation of the global energy system. An intergovernmental organisation establishedin 2011, IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms ofrenewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and windenergy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity. www.irena.orgAcknowledgementsIRENA would like to express sincere appreciation to the experts who reviewed the report.Insightful comments and constructive suggestions were provided by Saman NimaliGunasekara (Royal Institute of Technology KTH), Steivan Della (APEC SustainableEnergy Center), Deger Saygin (SHURA Energy Transition Center), Yang Liu (AfricanDevelopment Bank) and Moeen Salibe (Enwave Energy). Special thanks go to Paul Komorwho provided helpful feedback and advice.IRENA colleagues Elizabeth Press, Daniel Russo, Jack Kiruja, Gayathri Nair and LilianaMorais Gomes provided valuable reviews and input.IRENA is grateful for the support of Germanys IKI project in producing this publication.IKI supportThis report forms part of the Energy Solutions for Cities of the Future project, which issupported by the International Climate Initiative (IKI). The German Federal Ministry for theEnvironment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) supports this initiative on thebasis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.Contributing authorsThis report was prepared, under the guidance of Dolf Gielen, by the sustainable urbanenergy team at IRENAs Innovation and Technology Centre (IITC). It was authored byYong Chen, Julien Marquant and Raul Miranda (IRENA) with additional support fromHerib Blanco (IRENA), Enzia Schnyder (former IRENA colleague), Su Liya (independentconsultant) and Marie-Anne Serve (former IRENA colleague).DisclaimerThis publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENAto verify the reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its ocials, agents,data or other third-party content providers provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and theyaccept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the publication or material herein.The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mentionof specic companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommendedby IRENA in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed, and thepresentation of material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning thelegal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation offrontiers or boundaries. 3SECTOR COUPLING IN FACILITATING INTEGRATION OF VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY IN CITIESTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSFIGURESTABLESBOXESABBREVIATIONSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY3444561º INTRODUCTION1.1 The importance of cities in shaping global climate action1.2 About this report1.3 Sector coupling provides the enhanced exibility that energy systems needWhat is sector coupling?Enhancing power system exibility through sector couplingImportance of intelligent energy management systems in sector coupling101114151516181.4 Methodology: Evaluating sector coupling potentials in cities to facilitaterenewable energy integration202º SECTOR COUPLING OPPORTUNITIES IN CITIES2.1 Energy eciency in buildings as a key enabler for sector coupling2.2 Self-consumption of variable renewable energy sources2.3 Role of thermal energy storage in sector coupling strategies2.4 Electro-mobility coupling the power and the transport sectors2.5 Green hydrogen