考研英语一试卷全国硕士研究生考试真题完整版（2012年）

Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1.(lOpoints)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that 3 the courts reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia,for example,appeared at political events.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code.At the very least,the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that_7_ to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there 1s still a _9_ between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics.They gave justices permanent positions _ 1_1_ they would be free to _lL those in power and have no need to 13 political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely.H._.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it 16 is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust.The justices must 18 doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves 19 to the code of conduct.That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and,20,convincing as law.2.1.A emphasize 2.A when 3.A restored 4.A challenged 5.A advanced 6.A resistant 7.A resorts 8.A evade 9.A line 10.A by 11.A so 12.A serve 13.A confirm 14.A guarded 15.A concepts 16.A excludes 17.A dismissed 18.A suppress 19.A accessible 20.A by all means Part A Directions:B maintain C modify D recognize B lest C before D unless B weakened C established D eliminated B compromised C suspected D accepted B caught C bound D founded B subject C immune D prone B sticks C leads D applies B raise C deny D settle B barrier C similarity D conflict B as C through D towards B since C provided D though B satisfy C upset D replace B express C cultivate D offer B followed C studied D tied B theories C divisions D conventions B questions C shapes D controls B released C ranked D distorted B exploit C address D ignore B amiable C agreeable D accountable B at all costs C in a word D as a result Section II Reading Comprehension Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points).3.Text 1 Come on-Everybodys doing it.That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing,is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club,Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize,offers a host of examples of the social cure in action:In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.Dare to be different,please dont smoke!pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers,who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure,Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long.Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure:we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain,h