2022年天津考研英语一试题真题及答案

祝您考上理想学校 加油！2022年天津考研英语一试题真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishThe idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology” was _1_ around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be _2_ to intelligence in animals. _3_ plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that _4_ consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it _5_ so greatly from that of animals that so-called _6_ of plants intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have _7_ that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, _8_ “a plant nervous system, _9_ to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, “They _10_ claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.”This _11_ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, _12_ it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. _13_, the signaling in a plant is only _14_ similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than “a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,” Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold _15_ of complexity and capacity is required,” he _16_.” Since plants dont have nervous systems, the _17_ that they have consciousness are effectively zero.”And whats so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants cant run away from _18_, so investing energy in a body system which _19_ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _20_ evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1. A coined B discovered C collected D issued2. A attributed B directed C compared D confined3. A Unless B When C Once D Though4. A coped with B consisted of C hinted at D extended to5. A suffers B benefits C develops D differs6. A acceptance B evidence C cultivation D creation7. A doubted B denied C argued D requested8. A adapting B forming C repairing D testing9. A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive10. A just B ever C still D even11. A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand12. A attaching B reducing C returning D exposing13. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise14. A temporarily B literally C superficially D imaginarily15. A list B level C label D load16. A recalled B agreed C questioned D added17. A chances B risks C excuses D assumptions18. A danger B failure C warning D control19. A represents B includes C reveals D recognizes20. A humble B poor C practical D easy答案解析：1. A coined2. C compared3. D Though4. C hinted at5. D differs6. B evidence7. C argued8. B forming9. A analogous10. D even11. C perspective12. B reducing13. A However14. C superficially15. B level16. D added17. A chances18. A danger19. D recognizes20. B poorSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle. They “weep” out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. “Its like baking a cake: If you dont have exact amounts, it goes wrong,” she says. “The object you make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes, its not the artists fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included sm