英语国家文化期末重点

unit1.（选择、判断、填空）1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack 2.The capital of each country :3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire. Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.the Vikings invaded.Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England, which can be expressed as "Saxon" versus "Dane". the Normans , William of Normandy invaded this country.Result: This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invadingLondon: (P18)England LondonScotland Edinburgh Wales CardiffNorthern IrelandBelfastUnit2（选择、判断、填空）Northern Ireland (often called "Ulster"after an ancient Irish kingdom)1.Activities to seek Irish independence : Home -rule The Easter Rising of 1916: was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels took over Dublin's Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means. 2.Political parties: the Sinn Fein party legal SDLP: Social Democratic and Labour Party IRA: Irish Republican Army (illegal)3.Political troubles in Northern Ireland (famous): Indigenous Roman Catholics vs. Protestant immigrates Partition(分割) : The southern 26 counties would form an independent "free state", while the 6 north-eastern counties would remain a part of the UK. (即 26 Republic Ireland ,6 Northern Ireland )4.the Good Friday Agreement :(了解下，P36)Unit 31.Process of state building:The process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution.2.The oldest institution of government in Britain :Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 3.Divine right of kings :It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects. 4.Magna Carta :limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. During King Johns policies. 5.the Bill of Rights :ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. ( William of Orange 时期)6.The Constitution :(P49)statue law the common laws conventions7.The functions of parliament :（P49）8.Parliament: The queen : (symbolised ,traditional ) She is legally head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces and "supreme governor" of the Church of England， a confidante to the Prime Minister（了解下） The House of Lords ： do not receive salaries ， both sexist and elitist (了解下 ) Lords Spiritual hereditary peers Lords Temporal life peers The House of Commons (P49) 重要Unit41.The importance of general elections:(P67) 重要2.The electoral campaigns :(P67)3.The formation of the government :(P67)4.The class system in the UK:(P67)5.Ethnic relations in the UK:(P67) 了解下6.The main political parties in the UK: The Conservative party (newest) : The Labour party: From 1979 to 1997, the Conservative Party won 4 elections in row setting up the National Health Service The Liberal Democrats: a party of the "middle"Margaret-Thatcher 改革 (There were also negative consequences) 了 解下Unit5(判断、选择、填空)1、Absolute Decline 2、Relative Decline of the UK economy: (P81) 重要3、the reason for its relative decline :(了解下)the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the warthe era of empire was overLarge military expensesOutdated industries and less-competitive productsA lack of close relationship between industry and banks4.The division of British industries :Primary industries (mining industry 矿业)Secondary industries (steelindustry 钢铁业)Tertiary industries (insurance 保险， the selling of goods)5.The City: The name given to the historic area at the centre of London6.The London Stock Exchange: The heart of the City （伦敦的中心是伦敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所）Unit6（填空、选择、判断）1.Beowulf :One of the oldest of these early "Old English" literary works is a long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf. 2.Geoffrey Chaucer：The Canterbury Tales 3.Elizabethan Drama:Marlowe ： The Tragical History of Dr Faustus William Shakespeare ： Romeo and Juliet The Taming of the ShrewHamlet A Midsummer Night's Dreamtragedies Othello comedies Twelfth Night（重要） King Lear The TempestMacbeth. history plays：Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar， Antony and Cleopatra 4.The 17th Century:John Milton : Paradise Lost